Factors affecting the occurrence, duration of hospitalization and final outcome in canine parvovirus infection

Kalli, Iris; Leontides, Leonidas; Mylonakis, Mathios E.; Adαmama-Moraitou, K. K.; Rallis, Timoleon; Koutinas, A. F.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.02.013

Cited by 96 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Eighteen of the 25 CPV positive dogs were aged ≤ 6 months, corroborating previous observations that dogs up to 6 months may exhibit a greater risk of infection (Decaro and Buonavoglia, 2012;Miranda et al, 2015). Most of the CPV positive samples were from mixed breeds (Table 1), contradicting a previous observation that purebreds were more susceptible to CPV disease than mixed breeds (Kalli et al, 2010). However, a few other studies have shown that breed may not be a risk factor (Miranda et al, 2015).…”

Section: Canine Parvovirussupporting

confidence: 74%

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus and canine enteric coronavirus in diarrheic dogs on the island of St. Kitts: First report from the Caribbean region

et al. 2017

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Although canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV) are important enteric pathogens of dogs and have been studied extensively in different parts of the world, there are no reports on these viruses from the Caribbean region. During 2015-2016, a total of 104 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from puppies and adult dogs, with or without hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts (KNA). By PCR, 25 (24%, n=104) samples tested positive for CPV. Based on analysis of the complete deduced VP2 amino acid sequences, 20 of the KNA CPV strains were assigned to new CPV-2a (also designated as CPV-2a-297A). On the other hand, the VP2 genes of the remaining 5 strains were partially characterized, or could not be sequenced. New CPV-2a was the predominant CPV variant in St. Kitts, contrasting the molecular epidemiology of CPV variants reported in most studies from nearby North and South American countries. By RT-PCR, CCoVs were detected in 5 samples (4.8%, n=104). Based on analysis of partial M-protein gene, the KNA CCoV strains were assigned to CCoV-I genotype, and were closely related to CCoV-I strains from Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and genetic diversity of CPV and CCoV in dogs from the Caribbean region, and underscores the importance of similar studies in the other Caribbean islands.

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Section: Canine Parvovirussupporting

confidence: 74%

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus and canine enteric coronavirus in diarrheic dogs on the island of St. Kitts: First report from the Caribbean region

et al. 2017

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“…Clinical manifestations of the disease are nonspecific and may include anorexia, depression, lethargy and fever. As the course of disease progresses, typical clinical signs will include vomiting and foul-smelling diarrhoea that can range from mucoid to purely haemorrhagic (10)(11)(12). Due to large fluid and protein losses through the gastrointestinal tract, dehydration and hypovolaemic shock often develop rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to large fluid and protein losses through the gastrointestinal tract, dehydration and hypovolaemic shock often develop rapidly. Marked abdominal pain is a feature of CPV-2 enteritis and can be due to either acute gastroenteritis or intestinal intussusceptions (7,12). Damage to the intestinal tract increases the risk of bacterial translocation and subsequent septicaemia, which may lead to the development of a systemic inflammatory response that can progress to septic shock and ultimately death (8,13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological, oxidative stress and electrolyte alterations in puppies with canine parvoviral enteritis

Ukwueze¹,

Akpan²,

Ezeokonkwo³

et al. 2020

IJVS

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Haematological changes, oxidative stress markers and electrolyte alterations were evaluated in puppies infected with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) that were presented to veterinary hospitals and clinics in South Eastern, Nigeria. Fifty-one dogs were used for the study and they were assigned into three groups. Group I consist of 21 diarrhoeic dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus, groups II, were 15 diarrhoeic dogs uninfected with canine parvovirus and group III, were 15 apparently healthy dogs which served as the control. Immunochromatographic (IC) test was used to screen the dogs for canine parvovirus type 2 infections. The mean red blood cell (RBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (HB) concentrations were significantly lower in the diarrhoeic infected than diarrhoeic non-infected and the control groups. The mean catalase (CAT) of diarrhoeic non-infected group was significantly lower than diarrhoeic infected group and the control. The mean malondialdehyde (MDA) of both diarrhoeic infected and diarrhoeic non-infected groups were significantly higher than the control. The mean serum sodium (Na +) level of the diarrhoeic non infected group was significantly lower than the diarrhoeic infected group. The mean serum potassium (K +) level was significantly lower both in diarrhoeic infected and diarrhoeic noninfected groups compared to the control groups. It was therefore concluded that the levels of oxidative stress and electrolyte alterations may not be affected by the origin or aetiology of a disease (CPV-2), but on the severity of the infection.

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“…The reasons for this distribution are not fully understood, however lack of vaccination or an incomplete vaccination course due to affordability issues in these areas is one suggested explanation (Brady et al, 2012;Kelman et al, 2019;Zourkas et al, 2015). Breed, stress, co-infection with other pathogen(s), immunosuppression, and geographic region are reported predisposing factors for infection (Goddard and Leisewitz, 2010;Kalli et al, 2010;Mylonakis et al, 2016). Breed-susceptibility may relate to hereditary immunodeficiency in some animals (Day, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The canine breeding cycle, with more puppies born in spring and summer, might explain one aspect of seasonal disease occurrence. Horner, 1983;Houston et al, 1996;Kalli et al, 2010;Rika-Heke et al, 2015). Epidemiological studies have been limited until recently by a lack of reliable and suitable data, and an absence of national representative data (Brady et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic, geographic and climatic risk factors for canine parvovirus infection and euthanasia in Australia

Kelman

Barrs

Norris

et al. 2020

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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A B S T R A C TInfection of canids with canine parvovirus (CPV) can result in severe, often fatal disease. This study aimed to examine climatic, socioeconomic and geographic risk factors for CPV infection and CPV-associated euthanasia in Australia. Australian veterinary hospital responses (534; 23.5 %) to a national veterinary survey of CPV case occurrences and euthanasias in 2016 were used. Severe caseloads (> 40 cases per annum) were reported by 26 (11 %) hospitals (median 60 cases; IQR 50-110). Case reporting, case numbers, and without-treatment euthanasia were significantly associated with disadvantage across all Socio-Economic Index for Areas quintiles (p < 0.0001) -the greater the disadvantage, the more reports. Strong negative correlations were found between case numbers and the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (r SP = -0.3357, p < 0.0001) and also between euthanasia and the Index of Education and Occupation (r SP = -0.3762, p < 0.0001). Hospitals in more remote areas were also more likely to report cases and to euthanize without treatment (p < 0.0001). Of the climate variables, temperature of the hottest month was most strongly positively correlated with case numbers (r SP = 0.421, p < 0.0001), and lower annual rainfall was associated with more case-reporting hospitals (p < 0.0001). These results confirm that socioeconomic disadvantage is a significant risk-factor for CPV infection and outcome, and high temperature may also contribute to risk.

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Factors affecting the occurrence, duration of hospitalization and final outcome in canine parvovirus infection

Cited by 96 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus and canine enteric coronavirus in diarrheic dogs on the island of St. Kitts: First report from the Caribbean region

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus and canine enteric coronavirus in diarrheic dogs on the island of St. Kitts: First report from the Caribbean region

Haematological, oxidative stress and electrolyte alterations in puppies with canine parvoviral enteritis

Socioeconomic, geographic and climatic risk factors for canine parvovirus infection and euthanasia in Australia

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