The assessment of anaesthetic and clinical indices of multimodal therapy of propofol, xylazine, and ketamine was done in West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Sixteen healthy male WAD goats were assigned into four treatment groups, namely, control (group A) (ketamine 5 mg/kg + xylazine 0.05 mg/kg), group B (propofol 5 mg/kg + xylazine 0.05 mg/kg), group C (propofol 5 mg/kg + ketamine 5 mg/kg), and group D (propofol 2.5 mg/kg + ketamine 2.5 mg/kg + xylazine 0.05 mg/kg). All drugs were administered intravenously. The multimodal therapy decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the heart rate in groups A, B, and D. Also respiratory rate significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups A, B, and D but significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 20 min after induction in group C. However, temperature significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups A, B, and C. The induction was good and smooth in groups B and D. Surgical anaesthetic time was longer in groups B and D and shorter in group C. The quality of recovery was good in groups B and D. Side effects such as salivation and apnoea were observed in all groups. In conclusion, the multimodal therapy could be used successfully. However, group D could be the best combination considering the parameters measured.
A comparative study was carried out on the toxic effects of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]; Paracetamol (acetominophen), Ibuprofen (Julifen) and Nimesulide (Usteinim) in rats. The parameters used in determining the level of toxicity were body weight, blood sugar level, haematological and biochemical changes. The rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of six rats each. Group A served as the control, Group B was treated with Paracetamol at the dose of 14mg/kg, Group C was treated with Ibuprofen at the dose of 11mg/kg and Group D was treated with Nimesulide at the dose of 3mg/kg. All drugs were orally administered once daily with a stomach tube for a period of three weeks. The mean body weight and blood sugar level did not show any significant (P>0.05) different in all the treated groups when compared with the control. The mean PCV and HB concentrations significantly (P<0.05) decreased in group treated with Paracetamol and the total WBC counts significantly (P<0.05) increased in group treated with Nimesulide. ALT levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in all the treated groups. The urea level increased significantly (P<0.05) only in the group treated with Ibuprofen. There was no significant (P>0.05) different in Albumin and Creatinine levels in all the treated groups when compared with the control. The result of this study shows that all NSAIDs used were toxic to the rats within the period of study. Paracetamol and Nimesulide caused hepatic impairment, whereas Ibuprofen caused both hepatic and renal impairment. Paracetamol had effect on the haematology and is capable of inducing anaemia. It was concluded from the study that prolonged use of NSAIDs is harmful to the body system and leads to organ damage.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.