Factors Affecting the Fetal Fraction in Noninvasive Prenatal Screening: A Review

Deng, Cechuan; Liu, Shanling

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.812781

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The mean of fetal fractions was also calculated for the four groups and classified according to BMI: 13.2% (±3.62) in the underweight group (BMI < 18.5), 12.1% (±3.39) in the healthy group (18.5–25), 9.99% (±3.10) in the overweight group (25–30), and 8.91% (±2.67) in the obese group (≥30) ( Figure 1 B). Contrary to the gestational age, fetal fraction tended to decrease as BMI increased ( p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons); therefore, our study confirmed that BMI and period of pregnancy can affect the fetal fraction [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Combined Model-Based Prediction for Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening

Yang

Kang

Kim

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the child increases with increasing maternal age. Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a safe and effective prenatal screening method, the accuracy of the test results needs to be improved owing to various testing conditions. We attempted to achieve a more accurate and robust prediction of chromosomal abnormalities by combining multiple methods. Here, three different methods, namely standard Z-score, normalized chromosome value, and within-sample reference bin, were used for 1698 reference and 109 test samples of whole-genome sequencing. The logistic regression model combining the three methods achieved a higher accuracy than any single method. In conclusion, the proposed method offers a promising approach for increasing the reliability of NIPT.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Combined Model-Based Prediction for Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening

Yang

Kang

Kim

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…We found statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding maternal BMI, gestational age at delivery, and method of delivery. This is not surprising given that associations of fetal fraction with gestational age and maternal BMI are well established in previous publications [18,19]. However, the distributions of maternal age and gestational age at NIPT, and the percentages of nulliparous and IVF-ET pregnancies were similar between the two groups of pregnant women with the dichotomous fetal fraction.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 74%

The association between fetal fraction and pregnancy-related complications among Chinese population

Jiang

Zhang²,

Qin

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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To examine the association of fetal fraction with a wide spectrum of pregnancy-related complications among Chinese population, we carried out a single-institution retrospective cohort study of women with negative Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results and singleton pregnancies between May 2018 and May 2020. Indicators of pregnancy-related complications were examined individually, including preterm birth, low birth weight, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, oligohydramnios and intrahepatic cholestasis. We evaluated disease odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), after controlling for potential confounders including body mass index (BMI), maternal age and gestational week at NIPT. A total of 3534 women were included in our analyses. Women with fetal fraction<15.15% had increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR 4.41, CI [1.65, 12.45]) and oligohydramnios (OR 2.26, CI [1.33, 3.80]) compared to women with fetal fraction≥15.15%. No significant associations with fetal fraction were found for preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational diabetes, and intrahepatic cholestasis. In Summary, fetal fraction is inversely associated with the risk of gestational hypertension and oligohydramnios.

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“…This study is the first meta-analysis that evaluates factors affecting the reduction of FF ratios to less than 4% in the mother's blood. Factors that could alter the FF ratio are generally divided into three categories: maternal, fetal-placental, and experimental [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting low fetal fraction in fetal screening with cell-free DNA in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mousavi

Shokri

Bastani

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) is a non-invasive perinatal test (NIPT) used to assess fetal anomalies. The ability to detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidies is directly related to a sample’s fetal to total DNA fraction, known as the fetal fraction (FF). The minimum FF is considered 4%, and the test result below 4% is uncertain due to low fetal fraction (LFF). This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to determine the possible factors affecting LFF in cfDNA testing for fetal screening. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Since Direct, Scopus, CINHAL, Cochrane Library, and Persian databases, including Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, and Magiran were searched for studies investigating factors affecting LFF in cfDNA testing from 2000 until the end of 2021. Gathered data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.3.070. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal of Cohort Studies tool. Results Thirteen articles related to the topic were included, and seven related articles were reviewed for meta-analysis. The other six were reviewed qualitatively. Four factors were identified that might have a potential effect on the LFF, of which only gestational age had a significant association with LFF (Pooled mean difference= -1.111, SE = 0.515, 95% CI= -2.121, -0.101, (P-value < 0.05)). Maternal age (P-value = 0.573), maternal weight (P-value = 0.113), and Body Mass Index (P-value = 0.104) had no statically significant effect. The effect size was pooled by mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Conclusion Lower gestational age is significantly associated with LFF. Thus, this factor can be considered when interpreting prenatal cfDNA screening tests.

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Factors Affecting the Fetal Fraction in Noninvasive Prenatal Screening: A Review

Cited by 35 publications

References 131 publications

Combined Model-Based Prediction for Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening

Combined Model-Based Prediction for Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening

The association between fetal fraction and pregnancy-related complications among Chinese population

Factors affecting low fetal fraction in fetal screening with cell-free DNA in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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