Factors affecting the chemical composition of snowpack in the Kilpisjärvi area of North Scandinavia

Raidla, Valle; Kaup, Enn; Ivask, Jüri

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.043

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In the Lake Saanalampi catchment (sampling point 10), above the dolomite layer, the Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ concentrations in stream water samples remained between 0.1 to 0.2 and 0.2 to 2.5 mg•L −1 , respectively, which are similar to their concentrations in the snow cover (average 0.1 and 0.9 mg•L −1 , respectively) [27]. The streams not only in the western part but all over the Lake Saana catchment had usually slightly higher Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ contents than precipitation (Table 3).…”

Section: Carbonate Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…respectively) [27]. The streams not only in the western part but all over the Lake Saana catchment had usually slightly higher Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ contents than precipitation (Table 3).…”

Section: Carbonate Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the Lake Saanalampi catchment, the conductivity of stream water (7.0 and 12.7 μS•cm −1 ) corresponded to that of snow (about 5 μS•cm −1 ) [27]. In the catchment of Lake Saana, however, the conductivity of stream water was much higher (40 to 220 μS•cm −1 ) and considerable differences in electrical conductivity were detected between eastern and western parts of the catchment (Figure 5a).…”

Section: Salinity Fluctuation In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 94%

“…On the other hand, Laudon et al [25] and Caritat et al [26] pointed out that substantial pH decline during spring melt episodes is a natural feature of a boreal ecosystem and not only the result of acidic deposition. Indeed, different studies have shown that nitrate and sulphate concentrations in snow on the Kilpisjärvi area are quite low [19,27], suggesting that anthropogenic sources are of marginal proportion. Raidla et al [27] argued that pH in snow is controlled by the dissolved CO 2 and carbonate dust rather than by SO 4 2− or NO 3 − .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, different studies have shown that nitrate and sulphate concentrations in snow on the Kilpisjärvi area are quite low [19,27], suggesting that anthropogenic sources are of marginal proportion. Raidla et al [27] argued that pH in snow is controlled by the dissolved CO 2 and carbonate dust rather than by SO 4 2− or NO 3 − . Although the research showed complicated relations between NO 3 − and the snow pH, the reason for this has not definitively been clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Processes Controlling Ionic Composition of Water in the Catchments of Lakes Saana and Saanalampi in the Kilpisjärvi Area of North Scandinavia

et al. 2019

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The study focuses on chemical composition of stream and subsurface water in the catchments of two small arctic alpine lakes in the Kilpisjärvi area (northwest Finland). Differences and changes in chemical components of both water types are followed in order to detect spatial variability and impact of environmental factors. To achieve this, ion compositions of subsurface water and streams were measured at 12 sites in the catchments of Lakes Saana and Saanalampi during four years (2008–2010, and again in 2017). In the Lake Saanalampi catchment, the salinity of stream water (7.0 to 12.7 μS·cm−1) corresponded to that of snow. In the catchment of Lake Saana, however, the conductivity in stream water was much higher (40 to 220 μS·cm−1), connected mainly to the increase of SO42− and less with Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents, especially in the western part of the Saana catchment. These results demonstrate that arctic conditions do not preclude intense chemical weathering where conditions are favourable. Although chemical composition of the soil fluid does not match the geochemical signal from the local soil, rock composition, especially the presence of pyrite, is the main controller of chemical weathering rates of the rocks on the area. This supports earlier views that the character of precipitation mostly controls water chemistry of local lakes in the Kilpisjärvi area.

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Section: Carbonate Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…respectively) [27]. The streams not only in the western part but all over the Lake Saana catchment had usually slightly higher Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ contents than precipitation (Table 3).…”

Section: Carbonate Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Salinity Fluctuation In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Processes Controlling Ionic Composition of Water in the Catchments of Lakes Saana and Saanalampi in the Kilpisjärvi Area of North Scandinavia

et al. 2019

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Black Carbon and Inorganic Aerosols in Arctic Snowpack

et al. 2019

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Black carbon (BC) deposited on snow lowers its albedo, potentially contributing to warming in the Arctic. Atmospheric distributions of BC and inorganic aerosols, which contribute directly and indirectly to radiative forcing, are also greatly influenced by depositions. To quantify these effects, accurate measurement of the spatial distributions of BC and ionic species representative of inorganic aerosols (ionic species hereafter) in snowpack in various regions of the Arctic is needed, but few such measurements are available. We measured mass concentrations of size‐resolved BC (CMBC) and ionic species in snowpack by using a single‐particle soot photometer and ion chromatography, respectively, over Finland, Alaska, Siberia, Greenland, and Spitsbergen during early spring in 2012–2016. Total BC mass deposited per unit area (DEPMBC) during snow accumulation periods was derived from CMBC and snow water equivalent (SWE). Our analyses showed that the spatial distributions of anthropogenic BC emission flux, total precipitable water, and topography strongly influenced latitudinal variations of CMBC, BC size distributions, SWE, and DEPMBC. The average size distributions of BC in Arctic snowpack shifted to smaller sizes with decreasing CMBC due to an increase in the removal efficiency of larger BC particles during transport from major sources. Our measurements of CMBC were lower by a factor of ~13 than previous measurements made with an Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich spectrophotometer due mainly to interference from coexisting non‐BC particles such as mineral dust. The SP2 data presented here will be useful for constraining climate models that estimate the effects of BC on the Arctic climate.

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A Gridded Microclimate Dataset from a Sub-Arctic Biodiversity Hotspot in Finland

Niittynen,

Salminen,

Peña-Aguilera

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Microclimate measurements are crucial for explaining and predicting functions and patterns in nature, yet the availability of microclimate data often poses a challenge. This study introduces a dataset comprising 63 spatially continuous microclimate surfaces for the Kilpisjarvi region in northwestern Finland. The study region is a biodiversity hotspot for arctic-alpine flora and fauna and one of the most extensively investigated regions in Northern Europe. The data were gathered through a collaborative network of microclimate loggers, encompassing 430 measurement locations that comprehensively cover the 300 km2 landscape under study. We employed predominantly well-performing Random Forest models to project microclimate variables across the study area at a 3-metre spatial resolution. The high-resolution and extensive spatial coverage of the dataset facilitates examination of microclimate characteristics and variability across this sub-Arctic region, providing a valuable resource for both theoretical and applied research, as well as for biodiversity conservation.

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Factors affecting the chemical composition of snowpack in the Kilpisjärvi area of North Scandinavia

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Geochemical Processes Controlling Ionic Composition of Water in the Catchments of Lakes Saana and Saanalampi in the Kilpisjärvi Area of North Scandinavia

Geochemical Processes Controlling Ionic Composition of Water in the Catchments of Lakes Saana and Saanalampi in the Kilpisjärvi Area of North Scandinavia

Black Carbon and Inorganic Aerosols in Arctic Snowpack

A Gridded Microclimate Dataset from a Sub-Arctic Biodiversity Hotspot in Finland

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