Factors affecting proliferation and differentiation of lepidopteran midgut stem cells

Loeb, Marcia J.

doi:10.1002/arch.20349

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These cultures are optimal models to study gut regeneration, as they preserve the proliferative and differentiation features observed during molting [14 • ] and during the regenerative response to gut injury [15]. Similar to observations in Drosophila , isolated Lepidoptera ISCs undergo asymmetric cell division during epithelial growth and repair (Figure 1), and ISC symmetric differentiation has also been observed with some midgut differentiation factors (MDFs), as detailed below [16]. This dual fate of stem cells is also detected in cultured midgut stem cells from Heliothis virescens larvae; differentiation progressed in the presence of fetal bovine serum, while proliferation was observed in the presence of Albumax II [17].…”

Section: Intestinal Regenerative Mechanisms In Lepidopteramentioning

confidence: 80%

Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria

Castagnola

Jurat-Fuentes

2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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The intestinal epithelium of insects is exposed to xenobiotics and entomopathogens during the feeding developmental stages. In these conditions, an effective enterocyte turnover mechanism is highly desirable to maintain integrity of the gut epithelial wall. As in other insects, the gut of lepidopteran larvae have stem cells that are capable of proliferation, which occurs during molting and pathogenic episodes. While much is known on the regulation of gut stem cell division during molting, there is a current knowledge gap on the molecular regulation of gut healing processes after entomopathogen exposure. Relevant information on this subject is emerging from studies of the response to exposure to insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as model intoxicants. In this work we discuss currently available data on the molecular cues involved in gut stem cell proliferation, insect gut healing, and the implications of enhanced healing as a potential mechanism of resistance against Bt toxins.

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Section: Intestinal Regenerative Mechanisms In Lepidopteramentioning

confidence: 80%

Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria

Castagnola

Jurat-Fuentes

2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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“…A number of growth factors promoting mid-gut cell culture regeneration have been reported, which include fetal bovine serum, ecdysteroids (Loeb, 2010 ), mammalian growth-promoting factor (Nishino and Mitsuhashi, 1995 ), alpha-arylphorin, MDFs (Blackburn et al, 2004 ; Hakim et al, 2010 ), and AlbuMAX II (Castagnola et al, 2011 ). The proliferation and differentiation of mid-gut epithelial cell seen upon Cry intoxication in A. janata might have been triggered and modulated by similar factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Mid-Gut Responses to Sub-Lethal Dose of Cry Toxin in Lepidopteran Pest Achaea janata

et al. 2017

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The lack of homogeneity in field application of Bacillus thuringiensis formulation often results in ingestion of sub-lethal doses of the biopesticide by a fraction of pest population and there by promotes the toxin tolerance and resistance in long term. Gut regeneration seems to be one of the possible mechanism by which this is accomplished. However, the existing information is primarily derived from in vitro studies using mid-gut cell cultures. Present study illustrates cellular and molecular changes in mid-gut epithelium of a Bt-susceptible polyphagous insect pest castor semilooper, Achaea janata in response to a Cry toxin formulation. The present report showed that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal doses of Cry toxin formulation has deleterious effect on larval growth and development. Histological analysis of mid-gut tissue exhibits epithelial cell degeneration, which is due to necrotic form of cell death followed by regeneration through enhanced proliferation of mid-gut stem cells. Cell death is demonstrated by confocal microscopy, flow-cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis. Cell proliferation in control vs. toxin-exposed larvae is evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and toluidine blue staining. Intriguingly, in situ mRNA analysis detected the presence of arylphorin transcripts in larval mid-gut epithelial cells. Quantitative PCR analysis further demonstrates altered expression of arylphorin gene in toxin-exposed larvae when compared with the control. The coincidence of enhanced mid-gut cell proliferation coincides with the elevated arylphorin expression upon Cry intoxication suggests that it might play a role in the regeneration of mid-gut epithelial cells.

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“…Moreover, integrin genes have also been reported to be essential to midgut epithelial organization in insects: Drosophila (Devenport & Brown ), the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Midboe et al . ), and the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (Loeb , ). In Drosophila, mutations of PS β 1 integrin are connected with a loss of adhesion of both larval cell layers and individual cells (Zusman et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation is consistent with data showing that b1 integrin is an important modulator in the development of epithelial polarity (Schwimmer & Ojakian 1995). Moreover, integrin genes have also been reported to be essential to midgut epithelial organization in insects: Drosophila (Devenport & Brown 2004), the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Midboe et al 2003), and the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (Loeb 2006(Loeb , 2010. In Drosophila, mutations of PSb1 integrin are connected with a loss of adhesion of both larval cell layers and individual cells (Zusman et al 1990;Brower et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of β integrin‐like‐ and fibronectin‐like proteins in the bivalve mollusk Mytilus trossulus

2015

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Integrins play a key role in the intermediation and coordination between cells and extracellular matrix components. In this study, we first determined the presence of the b integrin-like protein and its presumptive ligand, fibronectin-like protein, during development and in some adult tissues of the bivalve mollusc Mytilus trossulus. We found that b integrin-like protein expression correlated with the development and differentiation of the digestive system in larvae. Besides the presence of b integrin-like protein in the digestive epithelial larval cells, this protein was detected in the hemocytes and some adult tissues of M. trossulus. The fibronectin-like protein was detected firstly at the blastula stage and later, the FN-LP-immunoreactive cells were scattered in the trochophore larvae. The fibronectin-like protein was not expressed in the b integrin-positive cells of either the veliger stage larvae or the adult mussel tissues and the primary hemocyte cell culture. Despite the b integrin-and fibronectin-like proteins being expressed in different cell types of mussel larvae, we do not exclude the possibility of direct interaction between these two proteins during M. trossulus development or in adult tissues.

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Factors affecting proliferation and differentiation of lepidopteran midgut stem cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria

Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria

Larval Mid-Gut Responses to Sub-Lethal Dose of Cry Toxin in Lepidopteran Pest Achaea janata

Identification of β integrin‐like‐ and fibronectin‐like proteins in the bivalve mollusk Mytilus trossulus

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