Factors affecting odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk: A review

Vlaeminck, Bruno; Fievez, Veerle; Cabrita, Ana R.J.; Fonseca, António J.M.; Dewhurst, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.017

Cited by 639 publications

(802 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…When comparing earlier studies, Vlaeminck et al (2006) found that replacing GS with MS in the diet resulted in a reduced milk iso 14:0 and iso 15:0, and suggested these FA originate from cellulolytic bacteria. The present study showed no such changes, perhaps reflecting the fact that although the diets containing progressively more MS had lower NDF contents, the overall amount consumed was greater so that cows on diet MS500 consumed more fibre than those on MS000.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Kliem

Morgan

Humphries

et al. 2008

Animal

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Even though extensive research has examined the role of nutrition on milk fat composition, there is less information on the impact of forages on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In the current study, the effect of replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) as part of a total mixed ration on animal performance and milk FA composition was examined using eight multiparous mid-lactation cows in a replicated 4 3 4 Latin square with 28-day experimental periods. Four treatments comprised the stepwise replacement of GS with MS (0, 160, 334 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in diets containing a 54 : 46 forage : concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Replacing GS with MS increased (P , 0.001) the DM intake, milk yield and milk protein content. Incremental replacement of GS with MS in the diet enhanced linearly (P , 0.001) the proportions of 6:0-14:0, decreased (P , 0.01) the 16:0 concentrations, but had no effect on the total milk fat saturated fatty acid content. Inclusion of MS altered the distribution of trans-18:1 isomers and enhanced (P , 0.05) total trans monounsaturated fatty acid and total conjugated linoleic acid content. Milk total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased with higher amounts of MS in the diet and n-6 PUFA concentration increased, leading to an elevated n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio. Despite some beneficial changes associated with the replacement of GS with MS, the overall effects on milk FA composition would not be expected to substantially improve long-term human health. However, the role of forages on milk fat composition must also be balanced against the increases in total milk and protein yield on diets containing higher proportions of MS.

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Section: --mentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Kliem

Morgan

Humphries

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Milk BCFA, which has garnered interest because of its anti-cancer activity, is particularly recognised for its iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 content (Parodi, 2009), which is mainly derived from the biosynthesis of cellulolytic bacteria leaving the rumen. For this reason, they are favoured by diets with higher fibre levels or forage/ concentrate ratio, and are considered markers of rumen microbial fermentation and microbial flow from rumen to the duodenum (Vlaeminck et al, 2006). Accordingly, the higher BCFA level in ryegrass cheese can be linked to the higher NDF intake of ewes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the higher BCFA level in ryegrass cheese can be linked to the higher NDF intake of ewes. Vlaeminck et al (2006) suggested that variation in the BCFA profile could reflect changes in the rumen environment and microbial population induced by diet. Hence, the decreasing total BCFA in S22 cheeses could be justified by the higher NFC intake of ewes that could have reduced the contribution of cellulolytic bacteria to the ruminal population, and the relative biosynthesis of BCFA (Vlaeminck et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Bonanno

Grigoli

Mazza

et al. 2016

animal

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Sulla (Sulla coronarium L.) forage is valued for its positive impact on ruminant production, in part due to its moderate content of condensed tannin (CT). The duration of daily grazing is a factor affecting the feed intake and milk production of ewes. In this study, the effects of grazing sulla pasture compared with annual ryegrass, and the extension of grazing from 8 to 22 h/day, were evaluated with regard to ewe forage intake and milk production, as well as the physicochemical properties and fatty acid (FA) composition of cheese. During 42 days in the spring, 28 ewes of the Comisana breed were divided into four groups (S8, S22, R8 and R22) that grazed sulla (S) or ryegrass (R) for 8 (0800 to 1600 h) or 22 h/day, and received no feeding supplement. In six cheese-making sessions, cheeses were manufactured from the 48 h bulk milk of each group. Compared with ewes grazing ryegrass, those grazing sulla had higher dry matter (DM) intake, intake rate and milk yield, and produced milk that was lower in fat and higher in casein. Ewes grazing for 22 h spent more time eating, which reduced the intake rate, increased DM and nutrient intake and milk yield, and reduced milk fat. Due to the ability of CT to inhibit the complete ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the FA composition of sulla cheese was more beneficial for consumer health compared with ryegrass cheese, having lower levels of saturated fatty acids and higher levels of PUFA and n-3 FA. The FA profile of S8 cheese was better than that of S22 cheese, as it was higher in branched-chain FA, monounsaturated FA, PUFA, rumenic acid (c9,t11-C18:2), and had a greater health-promoting index. The effect of short grazing time on sulla was attributed to major inhibition of PUFA biohydrogenating ruminal bacteria, presumably stimulated by the higher accumulation of sulla CT in the rumen, which is related to a higher intake rate over a shorter eating time. Thus, grazing sulla improved the performance of ewes, thereby increasing, especially with short grazing time, the nutritional properties of cheese fat.

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“…ruminal fermentation pattern) and also contribute to the formation of the main odd-and branched-chain FA in milk (Vlaeminck et al, 2006). The odd-(C15:0 and C17:0) and branched-(C13:0 iso, C14:0 iso, C15:0 iso, C16:0 iso, C17:0 iso, C18:0 iso, C13:0 anteiso, C15:0 anteiso, C17:0 anteiso) chain fatty acids (OBCFA) profile of the rumen bacteria appears to be largely determined by the FA synthase activity of the microorganism rather than by the precursor availability (Vlaeminck et al, 2006). Consequently, variation in the OBCFA profile leaving the rumen is expected to mirror changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial populations in the rumen rather than an altered bacterial FA synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of ruminal bacterial populations involved in lipid metabolism in dairy cows fed different vegetable oils

Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez

Cancino‐Padilla

Romero

et al. 2016

Animal

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Vegetable oils are used to increase energy density of dairy cow diets, although they can provoke changes in rumen bacteria populations and have repercussions on the biohydrogenation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sources of dietary lipids: soybean oil (SO, an unsaturated source) and hydrogenated palm oil (HPO, a saturated source) on bacterial populations and the fatty acid profile of ruminal digesta. Three non-lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods consisting of 21 days. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (Control, no fat supplement) and the basal diet supplemented with SO (2.7% of dry matter (DM)) or HPO (2.7% of DM). Ruminal digesta pH, NH 3 -N and volatile fatty acids were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared with control and HPO, total bacteria measured as copies of 16S ribosomal DNA/ml by quantitative PCR was decreased ( P < 0.05) by SO. Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and Anaerovibrio lipolytica loads were not affected by dietary treatments. In contrast, compared with control, load of Prevotella bryantii was increased ( P < 0.05) with HPO diet. Compared with control and SO, HPO decreased ( P < 0.05) C18:2 cis n-6 in ruminal digesta. Contents of C15:0 iso, C18:11 trans-11 and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 were increased ( P < 0.05) in ruminal digesta by SO compared with control and HPO. In conclusion, supplementation of SO or HPO do not affect ruminal fermentation parameters, whereas HPO can increase load of ruminal P. bryantii. Also, results observed in our targeted bacteria may have depended on the saturation degree of dietary oils.

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Factors affecting odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk: A review

Cited by 639 publications

References 113 publications

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Quantitative analysis of ruminal bacterial populations involved in lipid metabolism in dairy cows fed different vegetable oils

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