Factors affecting dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in human breast secretions

Miller, William R.; Humeniuk, V.; Forrest, A. P. M.

doi:10.1007/bf01806267

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The cytological studies of these breast fluids have allowed the identification of women who are at greater risk of developing breast cancer [3], while biochemical analyses have demonstrated the presence of a wide variety of substances which may play a role in the malignant transformation. Among these substances accumulated in breast fluids are hormones [4][5][6][7], toxic compounds [8], and mutagenic agents [9,10]. These biochemical studies have also revealed the presence of milk components, even in a variable percentage of secretions collected from nutliparous women [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting protein composition of breast secretions from nonlactating women

Vizoso

Sánchez

Diez-Itza

et al. 1992

Breast Cancer Res Tr

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Breast secretions can be classified into two types according to their major protein components. Type I fluids contain Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein D, and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, while Type II fluids are characterized by the presence of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and alpha-lactalbumin. In this study, the polypeptide composition of breast secretions from 719 nonlactating women was evaluated by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The required amount for the analysis (1 microliter) was obtained from 50% of control women and from 75% of women with mammary disease. There were more secretors in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women, as well as in parous than in nulliparous women. Evaluation of factors affecting protein composition of breast secretions revealed that Type II fluids were found in the majority of women who had given birth in the last four years and in a high proportion of oral contraceptive users. After excluding both of these groups, Type II fluids were detected in 47% of patients with breast cancer, but only in 8% of control women and in 16% of women with benign breast diseases. Taken together, these results suggest that protein analysis of breast secretions could be an useful tool for the study of breast pathologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting protein composition of breast secretions from nonlactating women

Vizoso

Sánchez

Diez-Itza

et al. 1992

Breast Cancer Res Tr

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“…Gross cysts of the breast are the most frequent disease of the breast in pre-menopausal women and there is an increased risk of such patients developing breast cancer when compared with women without breast disease Davis et al, 1964;Black et al, 1972). To investigate local factors that may predispose to malignant progression a variety of studies have been undertaken to measure the levels of oestrogens (Wynder et al, 1981) and progesterone (Rose et al, 1956) in nipple aspirates, In addition, the concentrations of androgens (Miller et al, 1981), gonadotrophins (Srivastava et al, 1977) and a family of proteins collectively termed the "gross cystic disease fluid proteins" (Haagensen et al, 1977(Haagensen et al, , 1979(Haagensen et al, and 1983 have also been assayed in breast cyst fluids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of epidermal growth factor in human breast cyst fluids: Correlation with dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulphate and electrolyte concentrations

Smith

Miller

Fennelly

et al. 1989

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidermal growth factor (EGF), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA)-sulphate and [Na+] and [K+] were assayed in 78 cyst fluids from patients with a palpable breast cyst. Epidermal growth factor was detected in all but 2 cysts, the mean value +/- SEM being 506.2 +/- 39.3 ng/ml, with a range of 0-1,599 ng/ml. When the cyst fluids were sub-divided according to their [Na+]:[K+] ratio, group A cyst fluids ( [Na+]:[K+] less than 3) had a significantly higher (p less than 0.001) level of EGF than group B cyst fluids ([Na+]:[K+] greater than 3). Furthermore, the relationship between EGF and [Na+] and [K+] and between EGF and DHA-sulphate seemed to differ between the 2 cyst types and each cyst type was therefore analyzed separately.

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“…Recent studies have emphasized the free and bound fmctions of estradiol (E2) in relation to sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and plasma albumin in serum (Bruning et al, 1985;Moore et al, 1982;Reed et al, 1983; Siiteri et al, 1981 Siiteri et al, , 1986. The findings were, however, conflicting and their significance for breast cancer risk remains controversial.In other studies of the target organ itself, breast tumor tissue (Cortes-Gallegos et al, 1975; Deshpande et al, 1976; Duvivier et al, 198 1 ;Thijssen et al, 1986;van Landeghem et al, 1981), cyst fluid (Angeli et al, Bradlow et al, 1979) and nipple aspirate fluid were examined for hormonal content (Hill et al, 1983;Miller and Forrest, 1983;Miller et al, 1980Miller et al, , 1981Wynder and Hill, 1977). When compared with blood, aspirates of breast cyst fluids and tumor tissue have been reported to contain elevated levels of corticosteroids, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), thyroid binding globulin (TBG), prolactin and a variety of estrogens and androgens.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of pregnancy and lactation on serum and breast fluid estrogen levels: Implications for breast cancer risk

et al. 1987

Intl Journal of Cancer

121

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We investigated estrogen (estrone and estradiol) levels in serum and in nipple aspirates of breast fluid in relation to reproductive and menopausal characteristics in 104 normal women. In general, breast fluid and serum estrogen levels were not correlated and breast fluid estrogen levels were approximately 5 to 45 times higher than serum levels. Serum estrogen levels were lower in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women. In contrast, breast fluid estrogen levels were approximately the same in pre- and post-menopausal women. Breast fluid estrogen mean levels were lower in pre-menopausal parous women than in nulligravidous or nulliparous women whereas serum estrogen levels did not differ in these 3 groups. Breast fluid estrogen levels were positively correlated with months since last birth or since last breast-feeding. Estrogen levels were low in nipple aspirates of breast milk but gradually increased in breast fluid of non-lactating women over a period of several years after cessation of lactation. Serum estrogen levels did not increase with months since last breast-feeding. We were unable to evaluate the post-partum effect of pregnancy without lactation due to the small numbers of these subjects. The high concentrations of estrogen in breast fluid and the absence of a relationship to serum estrogen levels may explain why prior serum studies have failed to link variations in serum estrogens with breast cancer risk. The prolonged low levels of breast fluid estrogens following full-term birth and lactation may, in part, provide a mechanism by which parity reduces breast cancer risk.

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Factors affecting dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in human breast secretions

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Factors affecting protein composition of breast secretions from nonlactating women

Factors affecting protein composition of breast secretions from nonlactating women

Quantification of epidermal growth factor in human breast cyst fluids: Correlation with dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulphate and electrolyte concentrations

Influence of pregnancy and lactation on serum and breast fluid estrogen levels: Implications for breast cancer risk

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