Factors Affecting Critical Features of Fundamental Movement Skills in Young Children

Abstract

Despite significant advances in the knowledge and understanding of associations between the phenomenon of excess body weight (hereafter "overweightness") and fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, the question of how overweightness affects critical features of movement remains unanswered. This study examined the differences in the proficiency of FMS between boys and girls with different weight status on the level of critical features. Three hundred and twenty-two boys and girls aged 5 to 10 years were assessed in eight FMS (run, vertical jump, long jump, ball catch, ball kick, ball pass, ball bounce, and forehand strike) and were assigned to non-overweight and overweight groups according to their waist-to-height ratio, with a cut-off point of 0.5. FMS score differences (p < 0.05) between boys and girls that can be frequently observed in the non-overweight group of children were not determined in the overweight group of children (p ≥ 0.131). Overweight boys performed worse in a higher number of skills' critical features than overweight girls did when compared to non-overweight groups. With weight gain, boys might experience a more significant decline in FMS proficiency than girls do because of the higher scores when non-overweight. The critical features of FMS indicate that overweightness might affect postural control and coordination, which this paper discusses.

Trajectories of Body Height, Body Weight, BMI, and Nutrition Status from 1979 to 1987: A Measurement-Based Analysis of 8740 Montenegrin Male Adolescents from the Municipality of Berane

“…Finally, it is important to note that the percentages of subjects for categories of nutrition status (underweight, normal weight, pre-hangings, and hangings) cannot be properly compared with the current situation on the ground that similar research in Montenegro was performed only for school children (not for adolescents). However, evidence has been found in the literature that the percentage of children with normal weight is currently significantly lower when compared to the results of this study, while the percentage of subjects belonging to the pre-obese and obese groups is significantly higher [20,36,37]. Nevertheless, this is in line with the results of the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration study [35], because obesity in the previous 40 years among youngsters increased from 0.9% to 7.8% in 189 countries.…”

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“…If we take into account the dynamics of its growth, we can say with certainty that it will soon be included in one of the three most prestigious categories within the "Web of Science" database (SCI, SSCI or SCIE) and will receive an impact factor. Very high quality scientific papers by eminent authors, which were published in the first [34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, ] and the second edition of the eight volume [44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53], and also in the first edition of the ninth volume [54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64]are guarantee that it will happen. At the very end, the youngest, but still a journal that has made notable progress is the "Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education".…”

Efek Program Movement Education Model pada Perkembangan Fundamental Movement skill siswa

“…Keterampilan gerak dasar atau dikenal dengan istilah fundamental movement skill merupakan gerak dasar untuk melakukan berbagai jenis gerak yang meliputi locomotor (melibatkan pergerakan tubuh misalnya, berlari), object control (keterampilan manipulatif misalnya, menangkap bola) dan keterampilan stabilitas seperti menyeimbangkan (Gallahue, Ozmun & Goodway, 2012;Cohen et al, 2014;Marinšek et al, 2019;Xin et al, 2020). Perkembangan fundamental movement skill siswa sangat penting untuk diperhatikan, karena berhubungan dengan keterampilan dasar untuk melakukan gerakan sehari-hari ataupun dalam kontek kegiatan olahraga ataupun aktivitas gerak yang terdapat dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani (Lawson et al, 2021).…”

“…Selain itu, fundamental movement skill yang rendah akan menyebabkan siswa tidak aktif bergerak dan akan menyebabkan dampak negatif bagi siswa. Misalnya penelitian Marinšek, Blazevic, & Liposek, (2019) melaporkan bahwa Fundamental movement skill yang tidak bina dengan baik akan menyebabkan obesitas dan mental yang buruk pada siswa (Satria et al, 2020). Data tersebut menjadi bukti bahwa fundamental movement skill memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi siswa untuk menjalani kegiatan sehari-hari dan aktivitas fisik atau olahraga.…”