Factors affecting childhood immunization in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study from nationwide, population-based, multistage cluster sampling

Kitamura, Tomomi; Komada, Kenichi; Xeuatvongsa, Anonh; Hachiya, Masahiko

doi:10.5582/bst.2013.v7.4.178

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The coverage for NIP vaccines ranged between 87.9% and 100.0%, while the coverage for non-NIP vaccines ranged between 0% between 74.8%. Our observation agreed with previous reports from U.S. 13 The maternal determinants identified in our study for immunization coverage of non-NIP vaccines, such as lower education level, mother with a job, mother' s poor awareness of vaccination, were in agreement with the findings of previous studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . There were some reasons for that: first, education level may influence mother's knowledge of and attitude and behavior to take advantage of vaccination service for her child; second, mothers with jobs may not have enough time to spare for the primary healthcare including immunization, and may be less aware of the information on immunization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Comparative assessment of immunization coverage of migrant children between national immunization program vaccines and non-national immunization program vaccines in East China

Luo

Tang

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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This study aimed to describe the disparities in immunization coverage between National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines and non-NIP vaccines in Yiwu and to identify potential determinants. A face-to-face interview-based questionnaire survey among 423 migrant children born from 1 June 2010 to 31 May 2013 was conducted. Immunization coverage was estimated according to the vaccines scheduled at different age, the birth cohorts, and socio- demographic characteristics. Single-level logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the determinants of coverage of non-NIP vaccines. We found that NIP vaccines recorded higher immunization coverage compared with non-NIP vaccines (87.9100%- vs 0%-74.8%). Among the non-NIP vaccines, varicella vaccine (VarV) recorded the highest coverage of 85.4%, which was introduced in 1998; while 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV7) recorded the lowest coverage of 0% for primary series, which was introduced recently. Lower coverage rate of non-NIP vaccines was significantly associated with more siblings in household, shorter duration of living in the surveyed areas, lower family income, mother with a job, mother with poor awareness of vaccination, and mother with lower education level. We found the immunization coverage rate of non-NIP vaccines was significant lower than that of NIP vaccines. Expansion of NIP to include non-NIP vaccines can provide better protection against the vaccine preventable diseases through increased immunization coverage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Comparative assessment of immunization coverage of migrant children between national immunization program vaccines and non-national immunization program vaccines in East China

Luo

Tang

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Multivariate analysis showed that high literacy, better wealth index, and residing in the southern part of the country were significantly related to better vaccination rates. This finding supports the findings of Kitamura et al (2013) and Danis et al (2010) that continuation and completion of the required number of vaccinations in children depended on the mother´s educational level, socioeconomic status, employment status, immigration status, race, experience with vaccination services, health insurance, parental beliefs, attitudes towards immunization, and adequate schedule information [23, 25]. Although not all the variables studied by Kitamura et al (2013) and Danis et al (2010) were studied in this work, maternal factors were clearly shown to affect commencement, continuation, and completion of the required number of immunizations as maternal age, education, and occupation were still statistically significant factors affecting immunization coverage in multivariate analysis [23,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Individual and socioeconomic factors associated with childhood immunization coverage in Nigeria

Oleribe¹,

Kumar²,

Awosika-Olumo³

et al. 2017

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionImmunization is the world’s most successful and cost-effective public health intervention as it prevents over 2 million deaths annually. However, over 2 million deaths still occur yearly from Vaccine preventable diseases, the majority of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is a major contributor of global childhood deaths from VPDs. Till date, Nigeria still has wild polio virus in circulation. The objective of this study was to identify the individual and socioeconomic factors associated with immunization coverage in Nigeria through a secondary dataset analysis of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2013.MethodsA quantitative analysis of the 2013 NDHS dataset was performed. Ethical approvals were obtained from Walden University IRB and the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria. The dataset was downloaded, validated for completeness and analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics.ResultsOf 27,571 children aged 0 to 59 months, 22.1% had full vaccination, and 29% never received any vaccination. Immunization coverage was significantly associated with childbirth order, delivery place, child number, and presence or absence of a child health card. Maternal age, geographical location, education, religion, literacy, wealth index, marital status, and occupation were significantly associated with immunization coverage. Paternal education, occupation, and age were also significantly associated with coverage. Respondent's age, educational attainment and wealth index remained significantly related to immunization coverage at 95% confidence interval in multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe study highlights child, parental and socioeconomic barriers to successful immunization programs in Nigeria. These findings need urgent attention, given the re-emergence of wild poliovirus in Nigeria. An effective, efficient, sustainable, accessible, and acceptable immunization program for children should be designed, developed and undertaken in Nigeria with adequate strategies put in place to implement them.

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“…We inferred that the establishment of herd immunity might be weak or delayed and more children might be under the risk of acquiring VPDs than that indicated by the coverage estimates that did not consider the completeness and the timeliness. These findings were consistent with the reports from both the developed and the developing areas, [12][13][14][15] where substantial vaccination incompleteness or delays were observed despite the reasonably high estimates of coverage, calling for the completeness and the timeliness of vaccination to be considered as the alternative indicators of the performance of NIP. Furthermore, we found that the completeness and the timeliness of all 12 doses scheduled 12 months of age were higher in the intervention group than the control group even if the other demographics were controlled.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prenatal vaccination education intervention improves both the mothers' knowledge and children's vaccination coverage: Evidence from randomized controlled trial from eastern China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Objectives: To verify the effectiveness of prenatal vaccination education intervention on improving mother's vaccination knowledge and child's vaccination status in Zhejiang province, eastern China.Methods: Pregnant women with 12 gestational weeks were recruited and randomly assigned into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group were given a vaccination education session while the control group were not. Two round surveys were performed before and 3 months after the intervention. The vaccination status of child was extracted at 12 months of age from immunization information system. The differences of the vaccination knowledge, the coverage, the completeness and the timeliness of vaccination between 2 groups were evaluated. The effectiveness of vaccination education intervention was assessed, under the control of the other demographic variables.Results: Among the 1252 participants, 851 subjects replied to the post-survey. Significant improvements of vaccination knowledge between the pre-and the post-survey in the intervention group were observed (Mean § S.D:1.8 § 1.1 vs. 3.7 § 1.2 for vaccines score and 2.7 § 1.5 vs. 4.8 § 1.0 for vaccine policy score, respectively). The coverage of fully vaccination was significantly higher in the intervention group (90.0% vs. 82.9%, P<0.01). The timeliness of fully vaccination was significantly higher in the intervention group (51.9% vs. 33.0%, P<0.01). In the intervention group, pregnant women were more likely to be with high score of knowledge (OR D 5.2, 95%CI: 2.6-8.8), and children were more likely to complete the full series of vaccination (OR D 3.4, 95%CI: 2.1-4.8), and children were more likely to complete the full series of vaccination in a timely manner (OR D 2.3, 95%CI: 1.6-3.5).Conclusions: Vaccination education in the pregnant women can effectively improve the knowledge regarding immunization and increase the coverage, the completeness and the timeliness of childhood vaccination. Strong partnership needs to be established between the obstetricians and the vaccination staff to improve the performance of NIP.

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Factors affecting childhood immunization in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study from nationwide, population-based, multistage cluster sampling

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative assessment of immunization coverage of migrant children between national immunization program vaccines and non-national immunization program vaccines in East China

Comparative assessment of immunization coverage of migrant children between national immunization program vaccines and non-national immunization program vaccines in East China

Individual and socioeconomic factors associated with childhood immunization coverage in Nigeria

Prenatal vaccination education intervention improves both the mothers' knowledge and children's vaccination coverage: Evidence from randomized controlled trial from eastern China

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