Comparative assessment of immunization coverage of migrant children between national immunization program vaccines and non-national immunization program vaccines in East China

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the disparities in immunization coverage between National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines and non-NIP vaccines in Yiwu and to identify potential determinants. A face-to-face interview-based questionnaire survey among 423 migrant children born from 1 June 2010 to 31 May 2013 was conducted. Immunization coverage was estimated according to the vaccines scheduled at different age, the birth cohorts, and socio- demographic characteristics. Single-level logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the determinants of coverage of non-NIP vaccines. We found that NIP vaccines recorded higher immunization coverage compared with non-NIP vaccines (87.9100%- vs 0%-74.8%). Among the non-NIP vaccines, varicella vaccine (VarV) recorded the highest coverage of 85.4%, which was introduced in 1998; while 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV7) recorded the lowest coverage of 0% for primary series, which was introduced recently. Lower coverage rate of non-NIP vaccines was significantly associated with more siblings in household, shorter duration of living in the surveyed areas, lower family income, mother with a job, mother with poor awareness of vaccination, and mother with lower education level. We found the immunization coverage rate of non-NIP vaccines was significant lower than that of NIP vaccines. Expansion of NIP to include non-NIP vaccines can provide better protection against the vaccine preventable diseases through increased immunization coverage.

Impact of the Pneumococcal Heptavalent Conjugated Vaccine on <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Children 2-5-Year-Old in Beijing, China

“…Nasopharyngeal carriage was recently recognized as an important proxy for PCV impact assessments [4]. The one-fifth reduction in S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage observed in the current study with PCV7 is likely to reduce substantially the burden of VT pneumococcal disease among Chinese A study limitation is that it was conducted in just one city, so the findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the rest of the country, particularly for rural areas where PCV7 immunization uptake is even lower [29]. However, the study population was large, and was drawn from all parts of Beijing.…”

The varicella vaccination pattern among children under 5 years old in selected areas in china

“…In areas with low coverage rate, a child will be individually protected due to the vaccination, however, herd immunity may not be established at the population level. Furthermore, as a private vaccine, the vaccination fee may become a barrier to vaccinate for children who live in financially poor resource environments [13, 14]. The inequalities of immunization coverage due to socioeconomic differences also exist in other countries [15, 16].…”

Immunization coverage of 12 to 23 months old children in Ethiopia

“…Various countries have specific strategies for reaching targeted coverage implementation of new approaches called reaching every district and sustainable outreach. The immunization coverage worldwide is below the target (Mutua et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2015). In Ethiopia, the routine immunization coverage has not reached targeted figures and planned objectives.…”