Factors affecting aerosol performance during nebulization with jet and ultrasonic nebulizers

Steckel, Hartwig; Eskandar, Fadi

doi:10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00148-9

Cited by 133 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…27 With the ultrasonic nebulizer (ultrasonic frequency 1.7 MHz), a sudden temperature increase characterizes the end of nebulization, as most of the energy absorbed by the nebulizer solution is dissipated as heat. 28 This situation leads to higher evaporation, as with jet nebulizers, [29][30][31] which could be detrimental to thermolabile solutes such as proteins. 28 A lower frequency (128 kHz) created by the piezoelectric element in the vibrating mesh is associated with a smaller increase in electrical energy, as can be seen when comparing the vibrating mesh nebulizers and ultrasonic nebulizer.…”

Section: Duration Aerosol Output Albuterol Deposition and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Aspects and Efficiency of Albuterol Nebulization: Comparison of Three Aerosol Types in an In Vitro Pediatric Model

Sidler-Moix

Paolo²,

Dolci³

et al. 2014

Respir Care

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BACKGROUND: Advances in nebulizer design have produced both ultrasonic nebulizers and devices based on a vibrating mesh (vibrating mesh nebulizers), which are expected to enhance the efficiency of aerosol drug therapy. The aim of this study was to compare 4 different nebulizers, of 3 different types, in an in vitro model using albuterol delivery and physical characteristics as benchmarks. METHODS: The following nebulizers were tested: Sidestream Disposable jet nebulizer, Multisonic Infra Control ultrasonic nebulizer, and the Aerogen Pro and Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebulizers. Aerosol duration, temperature, and drug solution osmolality were measured during nebulization. Albuterol delivery was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography system with fluorometric detection. The droplet size distribution was analyzed with a laser granulometer. RESULTS: The ultrasonic nebulizer was the fastest device based on the duration of nebulization; the jet nebulizer was the slowest. Solution temperature decreased during nebulization when the jet nebulizer and vibrating mesh nebulizers were used, but it increased with the ultrasonic nebulizer. Osmolality was stable during nebulization with the vibrating mesh nebulizers, but increased with the jet nebulizer and ultrasonic nebulizer, indicating solvent evaporation. Albuterol delivery was 1.6 and 2.3 times higher with the ultrasonic nebulizer and vibrating mesh nebulizers devices, respectively, than with the jet nebulizer. Particle size was significantly higher with the ultrasonic nebulizer. CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro model was effective for comparing nebulizer types, demonstrating important differences between nebulizer types. The new devices, both the ultrasonic nebulizers and vibrating mesh nebulizers, delivered more aerosolized drug than traditional jet nebulizers.

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Section: Duration Aerosol Output Albuterol Deposition and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Aspects and Efficiency of Albuterol Nebulization: Comparison of Three Aerosol Types in an In Vitro Pediatric Model

Sidler-Moix

Paolo²,

Dolci³

et al. 2014

Respir Care

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“…Although several brands of ultrasonic nebulizers are available, they are not commonly employed during mechanical ventilation due to their bulkiness, high cost, production of aerosols with larger particle size than jet nebulizers, relative inefficiency to aerosolize viscous solutions or suspensions, and degradation of heat-sensitive materials. (46)(47)(48) Typical residual volumes of drug remaining at end of nebulization in various ultrasonic nebulizer brands range from 0.5-1.0 mL.…”

Section: Nebulizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Therapy in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: An Update

Ari

Fink

Dhand

2012

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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Incremental gains in understanding the influence of various factors on aerosol delivery in concert with technological advancements over the past 2 decades have fueled an ever burgeoning literature on aerosol therapy during mechanical ventilation. In-line use of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and nebulizers is influenced by a host of factors, some of which are unique to ventilator-supported patients. This article reviews the impact of various factors on aerosol delivery with pMDIs and nebulizers, and elucidates the correlation between in-vitro estimates and in-vivo measurement of aerosol deposition in the lung. Aerosolized bronchodilator therapy with pMDIs and nebulizers is commonly employed in intensive care units (ICUs), and bronchodilators are among the most frequently used therapies in mechanically ventilated patients. The use of inhaled bronchodilators is not restricted to mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, as they are routinely employed in other ventilator-dependent patients without confirmed airflow obstruction. The efficacy and safety of bronchodilator therapy has generated a great deal of interest in employing other inhaled therapies, such as surfactant, antibiotics, prostacyclins, diuretics, anticoagulants and mucoactive agents, among others, in attempts to improve outcomes in critically ill ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

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“…8) Formulations for efficient nebulization are usually designed using empirical methods that consider pharmacological effects and physicochemical properties, including viscosity, surface tension, and drug concentrations. [9][10][11][12][13][14] However, N-siRNA delivery by aerosol inhalation may result in marked losses in transfection efficiency because of the nebulization process. Higher concentrations of N-siRNA are necessary for the therapeutic application of aerosol inhalation techniques than for siRNA carrier systems, including cationic lipids and polymers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhalation Properties and Stability of Nebulized Naked siRNA Solution for Pulmonary Therapy

2016

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The use of naked unmodified small interfering RNA (N-siRNA) without vector has previously been investigated as a pulmonary therapy. However, little is known regarding stabilities and aerodynamic particle sizes of N-siRNA-containing droplets; nebulizers have not yet been optimized for N-siRNA solutions. Thus, in this study, we investigated the feasibility of inhaled N-siRNA solutions for pulmonary therapy using nebulization. Various nebulizers and N-siRNA concentrations were assessed in terms of siRNA integrity after nebulization, and inhalation properties including aerodynamic particle size were examined. In comparison with ultrasonic-, air-jet-, and vibrating-mesh nebulizers, N-siRNA integrity was not affected by nebulization. Thus, in further experiments, performances of N-siRNA aerosols with different nebulizers and N-siRNA concentrations were evaluated and screened using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) which employed the time-of-flight principle or a cascade impactor. Mean mass aerodynamic diameters of N-siRNA-containing droplets from vibrating-mesh nebulizers tended to decrease with increasing N-siRNA concentrations, reflecting the influence of N-siRNA solutions on surface tension, as indicated by contact angles. These data indicate the utility of APS instruments for investigating the nebulized characteristics of expensive drugs including siRNAs and may facilitate the development of N-siRNA inhalation formulations.Key words small interfering RNA (siRNA); vibrating-mesh nebulizer; aerodynamic particle size; surface tension; contact angle Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has a great therapeutic potential as a tool for the post-transcriptional silencing of target gene expression. 1) Recently, the field of siRNA delivery has rapidly progressed, and the local pulmonary delivery of siRNA has been investigated for various lung diseases. 2,3)Inhalation is the most popular noninvasive method for delivering therapeutic siRNA agents to the lungs 4); local siRNA inhalation therapy reduced virus titers in the lung and attenuated local pulmonary chemokine production after acute lung injury and infection.5,6) However, naked (unmodified) siRNA (N-siRNA) is susceptible to nuclease degradation; siRNA delivery systems facilitating gene silencing efficiency, including those using cationic materials, can have cytotoxic effects. N-siRNA has been delivered with some success to the lung, although systemic delivery of N-siRNA generally fails to produce significant gene silencing effects.3,7) N-siRNA lacks delivery vectors that produce toxicity and inflammation; thus, N-siRNA formulation for pulmonary delivery offers advantages for safety and simplicity. However, few developments of N-siRNA formulations have been reported. Direct pulmonary N-siRNA delivery has been achieved in humans following the inhalation of aerosols generated by inhalers or nebulizers. Three types of inhalation devices are currently available for pulmonary drug delivery, including metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers. Liquid nebulization e...

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Factors affecting aerosol performance during nebulization with jet and ultrasonic nebulizers

Cited by 133 publications

References 10 publications

Physicochemical Aspects and Efficiency of Albuterol Nebulization: Comparison of Three Aerosol Types in an In Vitro Pediatric Model

Physicochemical Aspects and Efficiency of Albuterol Nebulization: Comparison of Three Aerosol Types in an In Vitro Pediatric Model

Inhalation Therapy in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: An Update

Inhalation Properties and Stability of Nebulized Naked siRNA Solution for Pulmonary Therapy

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