Factores biológicos que determinan la competencia de Commelina erecta con otras malezas en sistemas de cultivo

Abstract

RESUMEN -Se estudió la competencia de Commelina erecta originada de semilla y de rizoma con Digitaria sanguinalis y Amaranthus quitensis. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: 1) estudiar la dinámica del crecimiento de plantas de estas malezas en mezclas binarias y en monoculturas; 2) estimar el rendimiento relativo de cada especie (RR) y el rendimiento relativo total (RRT) de las distintas mezclas y 3) utilizar un modelo dinámico para analizar la importancia de distintos atributos específicos sobre el resultado de la competencia. El crecimiento de las monoculturas de todas las especies ajustó a un modelo sigmoide. Los RR de las distintas malezas variaron en función de la especie acompañante, de la fecha de muestreo y del año. La competencia fue parcial (RRT > 1) únicamente en mezclas que incluyeron plantas de C. erecta originadas de rizomas. A partir de las simulaciones con el modelo, se determinó que el resultado de la competencia depende del tamaño inicial (BI) de rizomas de C. erecta, por otro lado, el análisis de sensibilidad señala la gravitación de la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento (r) en la definición de RR. Bajo condiciones de competencia, los parámetros biológicos que definieron el crecimiento de las especies estudiadas fueron especialmente r y BI. Los resultados destacan la compleja interacción de factores que determinan el balance competitivo, tanto entre ambas formas de propagación de C. erecta, como entre ellas y otras malezas.Palabras-clave: modelos de competencia, Commelina erecta, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus quitensis.ABSTRACT -Competition of C. erecta from seed and rhizome origin with Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus quitensis was studied. The objectives of the study were: 1) determine growth dynamics of plants of these weed species in binary mixtures and in monocultures; 2) estimate the relative yield of each species (RY) and relative yield total (RYT) of the different mixtures, and 3) to use a dynamic model to analyze the importance of different specific attributes on the result of the competition. The growth of the monoculture of all species fitted to a sigmoidal model. The RY of the different species varied relative to the accompanying species, the sampling date and the year. Competition was partial (RYT > 1) only in mixtures including C. erecta plants originated from rhizomes. From the simulations with the model it was determined that the result of the competition depends on the initial size (BI) of C. erecta rhizomes. Furthermore, the sensibility analysis highlights the importance of the intrinsic growth rate (r) in the definition of RY. Under competition conditions the biological parameters defining the growth of the species studied were particularly r and BI. The results emphasize the complex interaction of the factors determining the competitive balance, between both propagation forms of C. erecta, and between those forms and other weed species.

Weeds Associated with Banana Crops in Magdalena Department, Colombia

“…In addition, by eliminating aerial vegetation, the underground growth points are stimulated, contributing to greater and constant weed propagation (Talaka and Rajab, 2013). These functional traits are present in Commelinaceae (Nisensohn et al, 2011) and Cyperaceae (Heinzen et al, 2010) families, increasing their competitive ability, explaining why species such as Commelina erecta and Cyperus odoratus are the most frequently found and disseminated weeds in banana plantations (Table 2).…”

Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

“…The competition between the species tends to be greater the more similar the environmental requirements are and the more similar the growing habit of the species involved is (Vargas et al, 2006). In this context, it is observrd that the structure and the yield of the plant communities can be profoundly influenced by the competitive relationships that occur in the environment, and the result of this process depends on the initial growth rate of each species involved (Nisensohn et al, 2011) .…”

Respuesta de Commelina erecta L. a dos formulados de glifosato, y rol del almidón y de las ceras epicuticulares en la sensibilidad al glifosato

“…In Argentina, Commelina erecta L. is a troublesome weed in spring and summer crops (Dellaferrera et al 2007;Nisensohn et al 2011;Panigo and Nisensohn 2018). Control with glyphosate can be very well exerted on seedlings having less than 5 leaves, but not in adult plants (Rainero 2004; https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.3.0.1892 C�������� ������ ��� ���������� ₉₂₁ 2012).…”

“…This parameter was not significantly influenced by the growth stages. Biomass accumulation is one of the determining factors that increased the competition ability of C. erecta (Nisensohn et al 2011). Thus, the reduction of biomass accumulation will critically affect the competition ability of the weeds (Tardif et al 2006).…”