This study was conducted to determine the richness and composition of weed communities associated with banana plantations in Magdalena department, Colombia. Between September 2016 and May 2017, a total of 164 hectares were assessed over four agroecological zones (Alta, Media, Baja and Norte); in each zone, three representative farms were selected where, through zigzag paths, botanical collections were made in cultivated lots. Information on life cycle, growth habit and origin of each species was included. The floristic composition was represented by 204 species distributed among 143 genera and 54 families. Poaceae, with 31 species, was the family with the highest species richness, followed by Fabaceae (12) and Asteraceae (11). From the total species recorded, 113 are perennial (55%) and 91 are annual (45%); 141 species are herbaceous (68%), 38 are climbers (20%), and 25 are arboreal or shrubby (12%). Native species predominate over introduced species. The species richness does not differ significantly between the sampling zones, but the weed community composition does. The presence of common species reported as important weeds worldwide was recorded in the four zones. However, some species were recorded in only one of the zones, generating a differential composition pattern. Comparison with local inventories showed changes in the composition of the weed complex over time. The presence of various species not previously considered weeds in the banana crops of this region is highlighted.
Plantulas de tomate.Foto: Álvarez-Herrera. Panorama del manejo de malezas en cultivos de banano en el departamento de Magdalena, ColombiaOutlook of weeds management in banana crops in the Magdalena department, ColombiaCultivo de banano en la zona del Magdalena. Foto: D. Munar RESUMEN(Q FXOWLYRV GH EDQDQR GHO GHSDUWDPHQWR GHO 0DJGDOHQD HO PDQHMR GH PDOH]DV VH UHDOL]D SULQFLSDOPHQWH mediante la aplicación de herbicidas, cuyo uso intensivo y continuo ha generado la contaminación de fuentes hídricas, sedimentos y ecosistemas marinos, afectando la biodiversidad y la salud humana. Ante la creciente DSDULFLyQ GH PDOH]DV UHVLVWHQWHV D KHUELFLGDV \ OD SUHVLyQ S~EOLFD SRU UHGXFLU HO XVR GH SODJXLFLGDV HV QHFHVDULR ajustar las técnicas y métodos de control para incrementar la producción, mejorar la calidad de los productos y el bienestar de los agricultores, en armonía con el medio ambiente. Un nuevo enfoque que conciba al cultivo FRPR XQ DJURHFRVLVWHPD \ D ODV PDOH]DV FRPR LQWHJUDQWHV GHO PLVPR SUHFLVD FRQRFHU VX ELRORJtD \ HFRILsiología, así como, la interferencia y pérdidas que ocasionen. En este artículo se describe la situación actual GHO PDQHMR GH ODV PDOH]DV HQ SODQWDFLRQHV GH EDQDQR \ VH GLVFXWH OD QHFHVLGDG GH SURPRYHU HO GHVDUUROOR GH programas de investigación en malherbología que fundamenten la adopción de técnicas de manejo eficaces y ambientalmente aceptables. ABSTRACTIn banana crops in the Magdalena department, weed management is primarily done through the application of herbicides, whose intensive and continuous use has led to the contamination of water sources, sediment and marine ecosystems, affecting the biodiversity and human health. Given the increasing occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds and public pressure to reduce pesticide use, it is necessary to adjust the control techniques and methods in order to increase production and improve the product quality and welfare of farmers in line with the environment. A new approach that sees the crop as an agroecosystem and weeds as a part of it needs to understand the biology and ecophysiology, as well as the resulting interference and losses. In this article, the current situation of weed management is described for banana plantations along with the need to promote the development of research programs in weed science that will contribute to the adoption of techniques that are effective and environmentally acceptable.
Las plantas invasoras se consideran la segunda causa de pérdida de biodiversidad después de la estrucción del hábitat. Es necesario prevenir el establecimiento de nuevas poblaciones de estas plantas para evitar su impacto negativo en la productividad y biodiversidad de los ecosistemas en general. Para la detección temprana de malezas potencialmente riesgosas, propusimos identificar las especies introducidas asociadas a cultivos de banano del departamento del Magdalena y categorizar su riesgo de invasión. Para ello se revisaron inventarios de la flora asociada al cultivo y se confirmó su origen mediante consulta bibliográfica. Las especies confirmadas como introducidas (31) fueron sometidas a un análisis de riesgo de invasión con la herramienta I3N, la cual incluye 28 preguntas agrupadas en tres categorías: riesgo de invasión, impacto potencial y dificultad de control. La suma de los puntajes correspondientes a cada pregunta definió el indicador del riesgo asociado a cada especie evaluada, así: riesgo de invasión alto (valores entre 5,01 y 10,00); riesgo moderado (entre 3,01 y 4,50); riesgo bajo (entre 1,0 y 3,0), y requieren mayor análisis (entre 4,56 y 5,00).Se categorizaron 24 especies como de alto riesgo de invasión, tres de riesgo moderado y cuatro requerían mayor análisis, en tanto que ninguna especie se clasificó como de bajo riesgo. Se presentan aquí los primeros registros de 19 especies con alto riesgo de invasión en Colombia, información que puede ser útil para la prevención, manejo y control de estas malezas y para evitar su propagación e invasión en otros ecosistemas circundantes, aunque aún es necesario evaluar su distribución.
The prevalence and deficient control with glyphosate in some weeds in banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) plantations in the Department of Magdalena, Colombia, have been evidenced. The susceptibility to glyphosate of prevalent weeds in farms with more than 10 yr of application of this herbicide was evaluated. Seeds and propagules of adult plants of five weedy species were collected from farms where deficient glyphosate control was observed (populations with possible resistance) and in areas not cultivated or free of herbicide use (susceptible populations). Under controlled conditions, seedlings obtained from 17 populations were treated with a commercial dose of glyphosate (1440 g acid equivalent [ae] ha -1 ) or twice this dose (2880 g ae ha -1 ). At 21 d after application, populations with a relative fresh weight and survival greater than 20% and visual control lower than 80% were categorized as resistant populations. To determine the resistance factor (RF) in the resistant populations, bioassays were performed with increasing doses of the herbicide (0, 720, 1440, 2880, 5760, and 11 520 g ae ha -1 ). Populations of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link and Melothria pendula L. were sensitive to both doses, while the populations of Commelina erecta L. and Syngonium podophyllum Schott were not controlled, confirming glyphosate-tolerant. Populations of Erigeron bonariensis L., from uncultivated areas was susceptible, while those from farms were resistant. Glyphosate-resistance was confirmed in two populations of E. bonariensis, with respective RF of 3.5 and 8.6. The repetitive application of glyphosate for weed control in the Magdalena banana farms has contributed to the prevalence of tolerant species and the appearance of herbicide-resistant weeds.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.