Factor structure, factorial invariance, and validity of the Multidimensional Shame-Related Response Inventory-21 (MSRI-21).

Abstract

We describe 2 studies designed to evaluate scores on the Multidimensional Shame-related Response Inventory-21 (MSRI-21), a recently developed instrument that measures affective and behavioral responses to shame. The inventory assesses shame-related responses in 3 categories: negative self-evaluation, fear of social consequences, and maladaptive behavior tendency. For Study 1, (N = 743) undergraduates completed the MSRI-21. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of the MSRI-21 3-factor structure. Latent variable modeling of coefficient-α provided strong evidence for the internal consistency of scores on each scale. In Study 2, (N = 540) undergraduates completed the instrument along with 5 concurrent measures chosen for clinical significance. Achievement of factorial invariance supported the use of MSRI-21 scale scores to make valid mean comparisons across gender. In addition, MSRI-21 scale scores were associated as expected with scores on measures of self-harm, suicide, and other risk factors. Taken together, results of 2 studies support the internal consistency reliability, factorial validity, factorial invariance, and convergent validity of scores on the MSRI-21. Further work is needed to assess the temporal stability of the MSRI-21 scale scores, invariance across clinical status and other groupings, item-level measurement properties, and viability in highly symptomatic samples.

Shame and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in China: The Mediating Effect of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness

“…Higher scores reflect higher levels of shame. Previous studies have supported the strong reliability and validity of the MSRI-21 instrument [15]. In this study, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.954.…”

“…The MSRI-21 is a recently developed instrument that measures shame by coding the respondent's affective and behavioral responses to shame [15]. It is a multidimensional instrument that adopts a maladaptive conceptualization of shame [23].…”

“…Shame is a painful self-conscious emotion that may be triggered by others' negative evaluation, and can bring about a debilitating experience and a strong denial of oneself [14][15][16]. It is a complex multidimensional experience that can involve negative cognitive beliefs about oneself, feelings such as anxiety and disgust, behavioral tendencies such as withdrawal or avoidance, and a range of adverse psychological effects [17,18].…”

“…In the past 20 years, several instruments have been developed to assess shame, such as the Personal Feelings Questionnaire [19], Experience of Shame Scale [20], the Test of Self-conscious Affect-3 [21], Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale [22], Multidimensional Shame-Related Response Inventory-21 [15]. Shame can serve the adaptive or maladaptive function in maintaining mental health and social functioning, which depends on an individual's response to shame [23].…”

Assessment of Different Dimensions of Shame Proneness: Validation of the SHAME

“…In the present research, we included 92 female patients suffering from BPD with an average age of 28.0 years (SD = 7.5). All patients underwent structured clinical interviews for Axis I and II disorders (SCID I;Spitzer, Williams, Gibbon, & First, 1992;German version: Wittchen, Wunderlich, Gruschwitz, & Zaudig, 1997;SCID II;First, Spitzer, Williams, & Gibbon, 1997;German version: Fydrich, Renneberg, Schmitz, & Wittchen, 1997).…”