Factor structure and gender invariance of the Chinese General Self‐Efficacy Scale among soon‐to‐be‐aged adults

Leung, Denis H. Y.; Leung, Angela Yee Man

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05529.x

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, referring to the scale of PSS-10 and GSE, both of them were proved to have gender bias issues in the construct (Taylor, 2015;Leung, D., & Leung, A., 2011). In the findings of this study, female students were tested as experiencing higher stress than those male students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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A Study of the Perceived Stress Level of University Students in Hong Kong

Kwok¹,

Ng²

2016

IJPS

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Background. In the school year 2015/2016, a significantly increased suicide rate among students in Hong Kong raised alarm bells to the public. High levels of stress among Hong Kong students was believed to be one of the main causes of these suicide incidents. In order to examine the stress levels of Hong Kong students, we targeted the group of undergraduates and initiated this research study.Objective. This study aimed to provide more information and objective analysis with regard to the stress levels of undergraduate students in Hong Kong.Method. There was a total (N = 337) number participants enrolled in this study at the Open University of Hong Kong. Meanwhile, Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) was adopted as the measure of perceived stress level of university students. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 is a 10-item scale designed to measure the self-reported perceived stress level. The set of questionnaires also includes The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale which was used for evaluating the convergent validity of PSS-10; The General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) which were used for evaluating the related divergent validity.Results. Referring to the findings, the stress level of the participants who were mostly from the age group of 18-29 had an average score of 19.02 which was considered to be higher than the standard score (M = 14.2; SD = 6.2), and thus undergraduate students who belonged to this age group were found to present a potential higher stress level among those participants.Conclusions. This study simply showed the general stress level of the target population, and such information could provide a meaningful reference for further study of stress levels among Hong Kong students. However, it could not show the other detailed information such as the reasons for causing a high potential stress. Therefore, it suggested that the follow-up study could focus more specifically on a particular type of stress (i.e., academic stress) in investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Those selected scales have been published previously and were shown to have adequate psychometric properties (Che, Lu, Chen, Chang, & Lee, 2006;Leung, D., & Leung, A., 2011;Nan, Ni, Lee, Tam, Lam, Leung, & McDowell, 2014). …”

Section: Other Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Perceived Stress Level of University Students in Hong Kong

Kwok¹,

Ng²

2016

IJPS

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“…For example an investigation of MI in the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy (CGSE) scale found it to be a valid scale for comparing men and women (Leung & Leung, 2011). This result permits CGSE to be used by nursing practitioners with confidence to measure their patient's degree of self-efficacy prior to the planning and implementation of health promotional activities (Leung & Leung, 2011).…”

Section: Backg Rou N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example an investigation of MI in the Chinese version of the General Self‐Efficacy (CGSE) scale found it to be a valid scale for comparing men and women (Leung & Leung, ). This result permits CGSE to be used by nursing practitioners with confidence to measure their patient's degree of self‐efficacy prior to the planning and implementation of health promotional activities (Leung & Leung, ). Further examples of higher level MI research in nursing science include the investigation of invariance properties of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Parental Beliefs Scale between mothers and fathers (Melnyk, Oswalt, & Sidora‐Arcoleo, ); longitudinal MI of Yoon's Critical Thinking Disposition instrument in Korean nursing students' critical thinking abilities (Shin, Park, & Kim, ); and testing cross‐cultural validity between English and Spanish versions of the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Sousa et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Partners in Health scale allow meaningful comparisons of chronic condition self‐management between men and women? Testing measurement invariance

Smith

Fairweather‐Schmidt

Harvey

et al. 2019

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims To determine if the Partners in Health scale, pertinent to assessing patient chronic condition self‐management, operates equivalently for men and women. Background There are distinct gender‐based differences in self‐management behaviours and health perceptions. This may introduce non‐invariance in self‐report measures. Testing of measurement invariance is a recommended practice in nursing science to ensure robust metrics. Design A representative cross‐sectional population survey in South Australian. Method In 2014, 940 people responded to the South Australian Health Omnibus Survey, a battery of health‐related questions. MI and estimation of heterogeneity was tested using Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis. Results Findings showed self‐management constructs were interpreted equivalently between men and women. Observed population heterogeneity associated lower education levels with poorer illness and treatment knowledge, smokers with poorer treatment partnerships and mental health problems with lower coping capacity. Conclusion Approximate measurement invariance was achieved between men and women for Partners in Health scale. Impact There is a lack of well‐validated generic instruments, including investigation into gender variability, for measuring chronic condition self‐management behaviours. Lower education levels were found to connect with poorer knowledge of health condition and treatment. Mental health problems attenuated ability to cope with the effect of the condition. Findings can facilitate the development of better tailored interventions for self‐management of patients’ chronic condition/s.

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“…24 Testing the dimensionality and structural validity of the SUPPH in different populations is needed. More recently, Leung and Leung 27 reported higher general self-efficacy scores among Chinese young adults (n = 695) in 28 nongovernment organizations in Hong Kong. More recently, Leung and Leung 27 reported higher general self-efficacy scores among Chinese young adults (n = 695) in 28 nongovernment organizations in Hong Kong.…”

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confidence: 99%