Facklamia Species and Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Parvataneni, Kesav; Iyer, Sugantha; Khatib, Riad; Saravolatz, Louis D.

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv029

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The true extent of morbidity and mortality is further convoluted not only by the relative scarcity of reported cases, but also by the co-occurrence of Facklamia with other bacteria and often in patients with significant comorbidities. In addition to blood cultures, Facklamia has been isolated from vaginal specimens, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, bone, skin, and gall bladder [ 11 , 12 ]. Because the majority of collected specimens have been from women, it has been speculated that this organism may be normal flora in the female genital tract [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facklamia Species as an Underrecognized Pathogen

Rahmati

Martín²,

Wong

et al. 2017

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Facklamia species are a rarely reported etiology of clinical infection with few cases described in literature. However, the prevalence of infection may be underestimated due to challenges in species identification. We describe 3 cases of Facklamia species bacteremia and the unique microbiologic aspects inherent to this genus that make it particularly challenging to identify. In addition, given the unique susceptibility profile of Facklamia species, we discuss the importance of fully identifying this organism when it is a suspected as a pathogen, to optimize therapy based on its distinct antibiotic resistance profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facklamia Species as an Underrecognized Pathogen

Rahmati

Martín²,

Wong

et al. 2017

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…For example, F. hominis is now considered an emerging pathogen responsible for infective endocarditis and even fatal myocardial infarctions (Ananthakrishna et al, 2012;Safavi, Tufnell, & Bhalla, 2010). Facklamia and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection can also result in acute bacterial meningitis (Parvataneni, Iyer, Khatib, & Saravolatz, 2015).…”

Section: Profile Of Bacteria Distribution In Each Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Tick saliva microbiomes isolated from engorged and partially fed adults of Haemaphysalis flava tick females

Cheng

2017

J Applied Entomology

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The tick Haemaphysalis flava is one of the most significant blood-feeding arthropod parasites and is a vector for numerous human and animal pathogens. However, a comprehensive investigation of the microbial communities found in the saliva of this tick species is lacking. This study used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to characterize the compositions of microbiomes present in saliva and whole tick samples isolated from engorged and partially fed adult H. flava females. This revealed that the bacterial diversity present in tick saliva increased after a prolonged blood meal, and that the species diversity found in saliva was significantly higher than that of whole ticks. Three bacteria phyla, in particular, made up more than 80% of the microbial community across all samples-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Furthermore, some of the genera identified in this study had not previously been reported in ticks before, such as Facklamia, Vagococcus, Ruminococcus, Lachnospira, Bradyrhizobium, Peptostreptococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Roseburia, Brachybacterium, Sporosarcina, u114, Megamonas and Dechloromonas. Finally, we found that many of the isolated bacteria were opportunistic pathogens, indicating a potential risk to humans and livestock exposed to H. flava.These results will contribute to fully understanding the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. K E Y W O R D Sbacteria, Haemaphysalis flava, microbiome, saliva | INTRODUCTIONHaemaphysalis flava (Acari: Ixodidae) is a prevalent hard tick species found in many countries that feeds on a wide variety of hosts, including hares, dogs, cows, horses, wild boar, deer, bears, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, hedgehogs, pandas, cats, squirrels and golden pheasants (He, Tang, & Cheng, 2016). As a vector for numerous pathogens, including encephalitis virus (Ko et al., 2010), Borrelia burgdorferi (Moon et al., 2013), Rickettsia (Someya, Ito, Maeda, & Ikenaga, 2015), Francisella tularensis (Kim et al., 2005), Bartonella (Ozawa et al., 1982), Anaplasma and Ehrlichia (Rar et al., 2010), H. flava has emerged as a significant threat to public health.Tick saliva plays a pivotal role in pathogen transmission (Nuttall & Labuda, 2004) and studying the microbes that inhabit it can contribute to both conventional disease discovery (in which a pathogen is discovered in a host and then identified in the tick population) and reverse discovery (in which a potential pathogen is characterized in ticks and then is subsequently shown to cause disease) (Tijsse-Klasen, Koopmans, & Sprong, 2014). However, information on the microbial populations present in tick saliva remains scarce. To date, the saliva microbiomes of Amblyomma maculatum (Budachetri et al., 2014) and Rhipicephalus microplus (Xiang, Poźniak, & Cheng, 2017) are the only two that have been surveyed. The microflora of saliva isolated from H. flava has been partially analysed using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), but this system is unable to reveal in detail the microbial communities of saliva (He et al...

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“…Interestingly, we also detected equivalent, elevated levels of quinoline, a reduced version of quinolinic acid which is an agonist of NMDA receptors and a neurotoxic metabolite of tryptophan. These findings, however, clearly indicate an overall increased tryptophan catabolism in the system during soman intoxication in seizing animals, presumably driven by inflammation in the brain, which is a known inducer of the tryptophan degrading indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) (32, 33). This notion of the inflammatory neuropathology of soman exposure was further supported by the detection of increased systemic levels of the eicosanoid inflammatory mediator leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) in seizing animals’ urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We detected elevated levels (>2-fold change) of tryptophan catabolism, namely kynurenic acid and quinoline, in the urine of seizing animals. Kynurenic acid is a putative neuroprotective metabolite as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (21, 32, 33). Interestingly, we also detected equivalent, elevated levels of quinoline, a reduced version of quinolinic acid which is an agonist of NMDA receptors and a neurotoxic metabolite of tryptophan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Fecal Microbiota and Urine Metabolome as Signatures of Soman Poisoning

Gautam

Getnet

Kumar

et al. 2018

Preprint

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and Proteobacteria phyla, some of which are known to hydrolyze OPs. However, analogous 31 changes were not observed in the bacterial biota of the ileum, which remained the same 32 irrespective of dose or seizing status of animals after exposure. Interestingly, when considering 33 just the seizing status of animals, we found that the urine metabolome was markedly altered. 34Leukotriene C4, kynurenic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, norepinephrine, and aldosterone 35 were excreted at much higher rates at 72 hrs in seizing animals, consistent with early multi-organ 36 involvement during soman poisoning. However, at 75 days post soman exposure, bacterial biota 37 stabilized and no differences were observed. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/312660 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 2, 2018

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Facklamia Species and Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Facklamia Species as an Underrecognized Pathogen

Facklamia Species as an Underrecognized Pathogen

Tick saliva microbiomes isolated from engorged and partially fed adults of Haemaphysalis flava tick females

Altered Fecal Microbiota and Urine Metabolome as Signatures of Soman Poisoning

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