“…A common research objective of studies focusing on state WTC is to better understand whether, how, and why learners show more WTC in some situations than in others. Previous review articles mapping the research focused on the difference between trait and state WTC (Mystkowska-Wiertelak & Pawlak, 2017; Zhang et al, 2018), WTC and in-class and out-of-class learning at all levels (Zulkepli & Hussin, 2021) or situational antecedents of L2 WTC (Zhang, Beckmann, N. & Beckmann, J. F., 2018). The greatest asset of the present article is in its focus on university students.…”