Facile synthesis of vanillin from fractionated Kraft lignin

Zhang, Rui; Maltari, Riku; Guo, Ming; Kontro, Jussi; Eronen, Aleksi; Repo, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112095

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Around 85% of VN is prepared by synthetica methods from petroleum-based materials, like phenol, and the rest 15% occurs from lignin. VN is prepared through the alkaline and oxidative process of lignosulfonates followed by the sulfite pulping of wood, in which 55% of VN was prepared by hydrolysis, and the rest produced by oxidation [ 16 , 82 ]. For VN-based resins’ market size, synthetically derived VN demand was around 16,000 tons per year in 2012 [ 83 ], which increases day by day.…”

Section: Vn-based Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications

et al. 2021

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By increasing the environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources, bio-based resins have gained interest. Recently, lignin, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), and divanillin (6,6′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxybiphenyl-3,3′-dicarbaldehyde)-based resins have attracted attention due to the low cost, environmental benefits, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and suitability for high-performance natural fiber composite applications. This review highlights the recent use of lignin, vanillin, and divanillin-based resins with natural fiber composites and their synthesized processes. Finally, discussions are made on the curing kinetics, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and bio-based resins’ adhesion property.

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Section: Vn-based Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications

et al. 2021

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“…[19] In the present work, we optimized a multienzymatic one-pot process for the production of ccMA through the bioconversion of vanillin, an aromatic lignin degradation product that can be obtained by a simple and rapid thermo-chemical pretreatment from Kraft lignin. [20] In details, the oxidation of vanillin into vanillic acid is catalyzed by the commercial enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO, UniProtKB ID: P80457). Then, the demethylation of vanillic acid into protocatechuic acid (PCA) is catalyzed by the recombinant O-demethylase LigM (UniProtKB ID: G2IQS7) in the presence of tetrahydrofolate (THF) and of the cofactor-regeneration enzyme methyl transferase MetE (UniProtKB ID: Q42699).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of cis,cis‐Muconic Acid

et al. 2021

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Lignin valorization allows the generation of a number of value-added products such as cis,cismuconic acid (ccMA), which is widely used for the synthesis of chemicals for the production of biodegradable plastic materials. In the present work, we reported the first multi-enzymatic, one-pot bioconversion process of vanillin into ccMA. In details, we used four sequential reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxidase, O-demethylase LigM (and the tetrahydrofolate-regeneration enzyme methyl transferase MetE), decarboxylase AroY (based on the use of E. coli transformed cells) and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase CatA. The optimized lab-scale procedure allowed to reach, for the first time, the conversion of 5 mM vanillin into ccMA in ~30 h with a 90% yield: this achievement represents an improvement in terms of yields and time when compared to the use of a whole-cell system. This multi-enzymatic system represents a sustainable alternative for the production of a high value added product from a renewable resource.

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“…The recovered lignin obtained under the optimal conditions using the solvothermal conversion process in a previous report had a PDI of 1.66, which was lower than that of commercial lignin (2.39) ( Liu et al, 2019 ). Unlike high molecular weight lignin, low molecular weight lignin can be easily utilized in biochemical and other value-added products in the biorefinery industry ( Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvothermal-Based Lignin Fractionation From Corn Stover: Process Optimization and Product Characteristics

et al. 2021

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Fractionation of lignocellulosic is a fundamental step in the production of value-added biobased products. This work proposes an initiative to efficiently extract lignin from the corn stover using a single-step solvothermal fractionation in the presence of an acid promoter (H2SO4). The organic solvent mixture used consists of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water at a ratio of 30: 25:45 (v/v), respectively. H2SO4 was utilized as a promoter to improve the performance and selectivity of lignin removal from the solid phase and to increase the amount of recovered lignin in the organic phase. The optimal conditions for this extraction, based on response surface methodology (RSM), are a temperature of 180°C maintained for 49.1 min at an H2SO4 concentration of 0.08 M. The optimal conditions show an efficient reaction with 98.0% cellulose yield and 75.0% lignin removal corresponding to 72.9% lignin recovery. In addition, the extracted lignin fractions, chemical composition, and structural features were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-HSQC NMR). The results indicate that the recovered lignin primarily contains a β-O-4 linking motif based on 2D-HSQC spectra. In addition, new C–C inter-unit linkages (i.e., β-β, and β-5) are not formed in the recovered lignin during H2SO4-catalyzed solvothermal pretreatment. This work facilitates effective valorization of lignin into value-added chemicals and fuels.

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Facile synthesis of vanillin from fractionated Kraft lignin

Cited by 39 publications

References 56 publications

Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications

Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications

Multi‐Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of cis,cis‐Muconic Acid

Solvothermal-Based Lignin Fractionation From Corn Stover: Process Optimization and Product Characteristics

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