Facile Synthesis of Ligand-Free Iridium Nanoparticles and Their In Vitro Biocompatibility

Abstract

High-density inorganic nanoparticles have shown promise in medical applications that utilize radiation including X-ray imaging and as radiation dose enhancers for radiotherapy. We have developed an aqueous synthetic method to produce small (~ 2 nm) iridium nanoparticles (IrNPs) by reduction of iridium(III) chloride using a borohydride reducing agent. Unlike other solution-based synthesis methods, uniform and monodispersed IrNPs are produced without the use of surfactants or other solubilizing ligands. These nanoparticles are highly crystalline as observed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro metabolic toxicity assays using hepatocyte and macrophage cells demonstrate that both IrNPs and iridium(III) chloride are well tolerated at concentrations of up to 10 μM iridium. Furthermore, the IrNPs were assessed in a hemolytic assay and found to have no significant impact on red blood cells when exposed to concentrations up to 100 μM. Overall, these results support the potential for the in vivo application of this nanomaterial.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-018-2621-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Complete Dehydrogenation of Hydrazine Borane on Manganese Oxide Nanorod-Supported Ni@Ir Core–Shell Nanoparticles

“…In additional control experiments, these colloidally stabilized Ni@Ir NPs and their monometallic counterparts Ni and Ir NPs were supported on activated carbon as a less crystalline material with respect to OMS-2, and the crystalline phases were examined on the PXRD patterns of the Ni/C, Ir/C, and Ni@Ir/C samples (Figure S2). We found that the PXRD pattern of Ni@Ir/C is more analogous to that of Ir/C, which shows an Ir(111) diffraction line at 34.8° due to the dominant amount of Ir in the shell …”

“…We found that the PXRD pattern of Ni@Ir/C is more analogous to that of Ir/C, which shows an Ir(111) diffraction line at 34.8°due to the dominant amount of Ir in the shell. 60 The surface chemical composition and oxidation states of Ni and Ir in the Ni@Ir/OMS-2 catalyst were investigated by XPS and high-resolution XPS (HR-XPS) analyses performed on the Ni 0.22 @Ir 0.78 /OMS-2 sample. Figure 2b displays the survey XPS spectrum of Ni 0.22 @Ir 0.78 /OMS-2.…”

NanoSafe III: A User Friendly Safety Management System for Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Small Facilities

“…In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated the low toxicity of these ENM, but questions remain regarding their accumulation over time and what concentrations can be tolerated before this would be an issue [64]. Similarly, they have been investigated for radiation applications, with initial biocompatibility testing indicating low in vitro toxicity, contrary to Ir(III) ions, which show dose-dependent effects [65]. Ruthenium and rhodium are often used in catalysis for water splitting and hydrogenation reactions because of their high surface energy and high stability.…”

Hyaluronic acid-modified selenium nanoparticles for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in lung cancer therapy

“…Over the past decade, nanomedicine has been significantly developed in cancer therapy and a large number of nanoscale drug carriers were designed to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs for improving bioavailability and stability [8][9][10]. Nevertheless, the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the unintended sites may reduce the therapeutic efficacy and increase the risk of side effects [11][12][13]. This shortcoming can be improved by using tumor-targeted drug delivery carriers [14].…”