Facile synthesis of InGaZn mixed oxide nanorods for enhanced hydrogen production under visible light

Abstract

A series of visible light responsive nanorods of InGaZn mixed oxide photocatalyst are designed by varying the concentration of In(NO(3))(3)via a solid state reaction method without the need for a surfactant or template. The photocatalysts are characterized by XRD, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra, TEM, BET surface area analysis, PL, and photoelectrochemical measurement. Increasing the concentration of In(NO(3))(3) changes the morphology from agglomerated to nanorod-shaped, and reduces surface defects which inhibits the recombination of charge carriers. From photocurrent measurements, the conduction band minimum and valance band maximum of InGaZn (3 : 1 : 1) are found to be -0.75 and 1.65 V at pH 5.9, respectively, which is suitable for oxidation and reduction processes. The photocatalysts are tested towards hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation. Among all the photocatalysts, InGaZn (3 : 1 : 1) gives the best result towards the production of hydrogen energy under visible light irradiation.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanostructured Fe doped CeO2 for hydrogen production under visible light irradiation

“…It was clearly observed from the tabulated data that CF3 showed a longer life time of the excited electron compared to the neat CeO 2 which may be attributed to (1) surface defect on the catalyst, that captures and delays the charge recombination process. (2) Presence of dopant energy levels below and above the CB and VB of CeO 2 facilitates the charge carrier movement, which delays the recombination process [60]. Along with that, the decrease of fractional contribution and increase in decay time also supports the steady decrease in density of trapped states in the following sequence, that is, CF0 > CF3.…”

“…(2) This cascade type electron transfer process may cause the delay the electronehole recombination process and significantly enhances the photocatalytic activity of CeO 2 towards water redox reaction[60].…”

Visible light-driven novel g-C3N4/NiFe-LDH composite photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards water oxidation and reduction reaction

“…As shown in Fig. 69 In the case of CN, the top of the VB and the bottom of the CB are calculated to be +1.57 V and À1.13 V, respectively. The generation of anodic photocurrent shows that LDH is an n-type semiconductor.…”

“…69 In a typical preparation of g-C 3 N 4 / NiFe-LDH composites, an appropriate amount of g-C 3 N 4 was added into methanol, taken in a beaker, and then the beaker was placed in an ultrasonic bath for 30 min to completely disperse the g-C 3 N 4 . In a typical synthesis, the samples were obtained by dropwise addition of 0.5 M NaOH solution to a 100 mL mixed solution of 0.16 M Ni(NO 3 ) 2 $6H 2 O and 0.033 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 $9H 2 O ([Ni 2+ + Fe 3+ ] ¼ 0.2 M) at a constant pH of 9.0 at room temperature.…”

Cytotoxic Triosmium Carbonyl Clusters: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study

“…in which α , A , n , E g are the absorption coefficient, a proportionality constant, the light frequency, and the band‐gap energy, respectively 50. In the above equation, the value of “ n ” decided the fate of transition, whether it was directly or indirectly allowed.…”