Facile Synthesis of Electroactive and Electrochromic Triptycene Poly(ether-imide)s Containing Triarylamine Units via Oxidative Electro-Coupling

Abstract

Two bisimide compounds, TPA-TPDI and NPC-TPDI, consisting of a triptycene core and two triphenylamine (TPA) or N-phenylcarbazole (NPC) end groups were successfully synthesized by the condensation reactions from 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)triptycene dianhydride with 4-aminotriphenylamine and N-(4-aminophenyl)carbazole, respectively. These two monomers could polymerize electrochemically via the oxidative coupling reactions of triarylamine units. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of the electro-generated triptycene poly(ether-imide)s (TPA-TPPI and NPC-TPPI) were studied. Both polymers have two colored oxidation states, and TPA-TPPI showed better electrochromic performance than NPC-TPPI.

Soluble Electrochromic Polymers Incorporating Benzoselenadiazole and Electron Donor Units (Carbazole or Fluorene): Synthesis and Electronic-Optical Properties

“…The molecular weight and polydispersity of polymers are the important parameters for electrochromic applications. A high molecular weight favors the performance of electrochromic devices in several aspects, including the improvement of the adhesion to the substrate, the resistance to dissolving in the supporting electrolyte, and the maintenance of a high optical contrast after repeated electrochromic switches [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Table 1 presents the synthetic yield, the weight-average molecular weight ( M w ), the number-average molecular weight ( M n ), the polydispersity, and the thermal data of six polymers.…”

Dithienylpyrrole- and Tris[4-(2-thienyl)phenyl]amine-Containing Copolymers as Promising Anodic Layers in High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices

“…As shown in Figure 4a-c, CV curves of P(MPS-co-TTPA), P(MPO-co-TTPA), and P(ANIL-co-TTPA) films displayed distinct oxidation and reduction peaks; the anodic and cathodic peak current densities increased with increasing scan rates, implying that P(MPS-co-TTPA), P(MPO-co-TTPA), and P(ANIL-co-TTPA) films adhered well to the ITO glass electrode. Moreover, Figure 4d-f shows linear relationships between peak current densities and scan rates, illustrating that the reduction-oxidation processes of P(MPSco-TTPA), P(MPO-co-TTPA), and P(ANIL-co-TTPA) films were not restricted by diffusion control [25].…”

Applications of Copolymers Consisting of 2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine and 3,6-di(2-thienyl)carbazole Units as Electrodes in Electrochromic Devices

“…Among these organic electrochromic materials, recent research has concentrated interest on the applications of conjugated polymers as electrochromic (EC) electrodes due to their fast-electrochromic switching time [3], satisfactory coloration efficiency [4], and wide color availability through the chemical structures modification [5]. The organic EC materials are particularly polyaniline [6], polytriphenylamine [7], polyindole [8], polycarbazole [9], polypyrrole [10], polythiophene [11], polyselenophene [12], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) [13], and polyanthracene [14]. Polytriphenylamine, polycarbazole and their derivatives have been broadly used for numerous optical and electrochemical devices due to their good hole-transporting/mobile abilities and high thermal stability [15,16].…”