Facile Solution Route to Synthesize Nanostructure Li₄Ti₅O₁₂for High Rate Li-Ion Battery

Abstract

High rate Li-ion batteries have been given great attention during the last decade as a power source for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs, EVs, etc.) due to the highest energy and power density. These lithium batteries required a new design of material structure as well as innovative electrode materials. Among the promising candidates, spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 has been proposed as a high rate anode to replace graphite anode because of high capacity and a negligible structure change during intercalation of lithium. In this work, we synthesized a spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in nanosize by a solution route using LiOH and Ti(OBu) 4 as precursor. An evaluation of structure and morphology by XRD and SEM exhibited pure spinel phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and homogenous nanoparticles around 100 nm. In the charge-discharge test, nanospinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 presents excellent discharge capacity 160 mAh/g at rate C/10, as well as good specific capacities of 120, 110, and 100 mAh/g at high rates C, 5C and 10C, respectively.

Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12 Prepared via Low-Temperature Precipitation

“…Our spinels exhibit the better rate capability than those reported in the literature [16]. A capacity of 145 mAh/g was achieved at current 400 mA/g, and this capacity amounts to 85% of capacity at the low current of 20 mA/g.…”

“…e last modes in low frequency (235 cm − 1 ) were attributed to the bending vibrations of O-Ti-O bonds. In brief, we succeeded to produce the pure phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 treated at 700°C for three schedules (12,16, and 20 hours) without structural difference. Figure 3 shows the SEM and TEM morphology of the sample Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 treated at 700°C for 16 hours.…”

Fabrication of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

“…[ 173 ]. The Raman band attribution is given in Table 2 , together with frequency values reported in the literature [ 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 ].…”