Facile fabrication of lightweight mullite fiber/phenolic ablator with low thermal conductivity via ambient pressure impregnation

Jia, Xingli; Song, Wenda; Chen, Wei; Ma, Cheng; Wang, Jitong; Qiao, Wenming; Ling, Licheng

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.06.136

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The surface temperature of CPA with a thickness of 12 mm was only about 78 °C after heating on a hot platform at 220 °C for 10 min. Table.S2 demonstrates the thermal conductivity of CPA SiC‑ZrC in the Z direction, which is 0.057 W·m –1 ·K –1 , significantly lower compared to some lightweight TPSs reported in the literature ,− (as shown in Figure i). The thermal conductivity λ of a material is mainly composed of gas thermal conductivity (λ g ), solid thermal conductivity (λ s ), radiant thermal conductivity (λ r ) and convective thermal conductivity (λ con ) , as follows: λ = λ normalg + λ normals + λ normalr + λ con Since the pore size in CPA is much less than 1 mm and λ r is also very weak at lower temperatures, the λ con and λ r can be negligible.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

In Situ Ceramization of Nanoscale Interface Enables Aerogel with Thermal Protection at 1950 °C

Yuan,

Yan,

Tian

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Conventional carbon fiber felt-reinforced aerogel composites are often used as lightweight thermal protection systems (TPSs) for aerospace craft. However, due to their poor oxidation resistance, they have gradually failed to handle increasingly harsh thermal environments. In this work, a nanoscale composite coating interface of SiC-ZrC ceramic precursor is first constructed on the fiber surface. Subsequently, using the coated fiber felt as a three-dimensional skeleton and through polymerization-induced phase separation, an aerogel composite with excellent thermal protection in extreme thermal environments is prepared. Owing to the in situ ceramization of this nanoscale interface at ultrahigh temperatures, the back temperature of the 12 mm thick aerogel is only 147 °C after exposure to an oxyacetylene flame at 1950 °C for 70 s. Meanwhile, the central region of the aerogel recedes by only 7%. Not only does this work provide a way to enhance aerogels by constructing a self-ceramizable nanoscale interface it is also expected that the developed aerogel composite can be applied in the ultrahigh-temperature thermal protection of future aerospace craft.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

In Situ Ceramization of Nanoscale Interface Enables Aerogel with Thermal Protection at 1950 °C

Yuan,

Yan,

Tian

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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“…The matrix damage of TCLP‐30 is less severe, and the damage forms are dominated by debonding and delamination. This is because TCLP has a three‐dimensional network structure matrix 45 . It is lightweight and porous and has good thermal insulation capability, but the mechanical properties are weaker and more prone to debonding and delamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile‐after‐ablation progressive damage and the failure mechanism of 2.5D woven composites with crack pores

Yang,

Dong,

Zhang

2023

Polymer Composites

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Abstract2.5D woven structures are of interest in new thermal protection systems for their excellent interlayer properties and structural stability. In this paper, dense (CDP) and lightweight (CLP) carbon/phenolic 2.5D woven composites were prepared. Quasi‐static tensile experiments were performed on the specimens before ablation (TCDP‐0, TCLP‐0) and after ablation for 30 s (TCDP‐30, TCLP‐30). A quarter macro–meso hybrid model that takes into account the degradation of material properties after ablation and ablative crack pores was innovatively proposed. The predicted tensile elastic modulus is within 9% error from the experimental results. The results show that TCDP‐30 and TCLP‐30 have rapid damage expansion and lethal injury at smaller displacements than the pre‐ablation specimens. The displacement of the maximum load point of TCDP‐30 is 38.7% lower than that of TCLP‐30. The forms of damage in TCDP‐30 are dominated by matrix fragmentation and matrix cracks. The damage forms of TCLP‐30 are dominated by debonding and delamination.Highlights Micro‐CT was used to collect matrix fabrication defects and ablative crack pores defect. A quarter macro–meso hybrid model that takes into account the degradation of material properties after ablation and ablative crack pore was innovatively proposed. The tensile failure mechanism of the material after ablation was revealed by the combination of experiment and numerical method.

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“…are quite favorable due to their low densities, − wherein the phenolic resin aerogel (PRA) with high char yield is popular as an able ablator which sacrifice through pyrolyzing to provide cooling gases in the boundary layer . Nevertheless, the tenuous aerogels have to be reinforced with tough fibers to obtain better mechanical performance during service under the conditions of intense mechanical stress and severe thermal loading. , For excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties, carbon fiber, quartz fiber (QF), and mullite fiber are widely selected to combine with PRAs for thermal protection composites. − Wherein the phenolic impregnated carbon ablator (PICA) developed by NASA is a typical lightweight ablative composite for thermal protection. It has been employed in NASA missions like Mars exploration, Stardust return, and the SpaceX Dragon capsule, benefiting from its lightweight, low thermal conductivity, and thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight, Flexible, and Covalent-Bonding Phenolic Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Ablator for Thermal Insulation and Conformal Infrared Stealth

Huang,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Facile fabrication of lightweight mullite fiber/phenolic ablator with low thermal conductivity via ambient pressure impregnation

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

In Situ Ceramization of Nanoscale Interface Enables Aerogel with Thermal Protection at 1950 °C

In Situ Ceramization of Nanoscale Interface Enables Aerogel with Thermal Protection at 1950 °C

Tensile‐after‐ablation progressive damage and the failure mechanism of 2.5D woven composites with crack pores

Lightweight, Flexible, and Covalent-Bonding Phenolic Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Ablator for Thermal Insulation and Conformal Infrared Stealth

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