“…The world’s current energy crisis is caused by the never-ceasing depletion of the oil resources and the deterioration of the ecological environment primarily due to carbon dioxide-emitting fossil fuels and has encouraged scientists to research green energy and renewable sources. − Numerous businesses have shifted focus on the automotive market to lessen the world’s reliance on petroleum resources, including big names like Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai, and Tesla, to emphasize the usage of hybrid materials for fuel cells and electric motors using green energy. , Issues concerning global warming, pollution, and a suitable energy alternative that could replace non-renewable energy and equip the ever-growing population have resulted in more attention being placed on electrochemical energy applications like supercapacitors, − fuel cells, , and electrochemical water splitting, , thanks to their environmental friendliness, good cyclic stability, and high power density. The high power density of the supercapacitors and the minimal operating temperatures of the fuel cells like the proton exchange membrane fuel cells, alkaline electrolyzers, and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) could effectively produce clean and green energy .…”