Facile electrochemical synthesis of antimicrobial TiO2 nanotube arrays

Abstract

Infection-related complications have been a critical issue for the application of titanium orthopedic implants. The use of Ag nanoparticles offers a potential approach to incorporate antimicrobial properties into the titanium implants. In this work, a novel and simple method was developed for synthesis of Ag (II) oxide deposited TiO 2 nanotubes (TiNTs) using electrochemical anodization followed by Ag electroplating processes in the same electrolyte. The quantities of AgO nanoparticles deposited in TiNT were controlled by selecting different electroplating times and voltages. It was shown that AgO nanoparticles were crystalline and distributed throughout the length of the nanotubes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry tests showed that the quantities of released Ag were less than 7 mg/L after 30 days at 37°C. Antimicrobial assay results show that the AgO-deposited TiNTs can effectively kill the Escherichia coli bacteria. Although the AgO-deposited TiNTs showed some cytotoxicity, it should be controllable by optimization of the electroplating parameters and incorporation of cell growth factor. The results of this study indicated that antimicrobial properties could be added to nanotextured medical implants through a simple and cost effective method.

Titanium Surface Priming with Phase-Transited Lysozyme to Establish a Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Antibacterial Multilayer via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly

“…The planktonic bacteria in the medium and the adherent bacteria on the surfaces of samples were almost eradicated by AgNP released from the self-assembled multilayer during the first 5 days, thus reducing the bacterial colonization of the surfaces of samples. The antimicrobial effect could predominantly be ascribed to the release of Ag + from AgNP, which has the ability to inhibit bacterial DNA replication, interrupt bacteria cellular processes and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 22 , 23 ]. ROS can increase the permeability of the bacterial membrane, causing bacteria to be more susceptible to antibacterial agents.…”

“…Concerning the toxicity of silver, it is generally considered that Ag is biocompatible at low concentrations and cytotoxic to host cells at high doses [ 24 , 25 ]. This is related to a large release of Ag ions due to the high surface energy of smaller AgNP [ 22 ]. For biomedical implant applications, smaller Ag particle size does not always lead to better performance.…”

“…However, the samples of CS/Ag10 with the lowest concentration of AgNP showed better biocompatibility than other groups during the first 4 days according to the LDH activity assay results ( Fig 8 ). The cytotoxicity of the samples may be attributed to the leaching of silver ions and their accumulation in the culture medium during the incubation period [ 22 , 25 , 26 ]. After 3 days of culturing without changing the culture medium, the cumulative concentration of silver ions led to cytotoxicity at day 4.…”

Collagenase-Expressing <em>Salmonella</em> Targets Major Collagens in Pancreatic Cancer and Improves Immune Checkpoint Blockade

“…Following induction, there was no observable increase or decrease from initial O.D., suggesting that SOT expression attenuates replication without causing immediate ST loss. To further investigate bacterial viability after induction, we performed live/dead staining using a mixture of acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB), respectively, at 4 and 24 hours under uninduced and induced conditions [32,33]. As shown in Figure 1E, the percentage of live bacteria 4 hours after induction was not significantly different through 24 hours but was significantly different from percent viability observed for uninduced ST-SOT.…”

Silver Nanoparticle (AgNP) Technology applications in trauma and orthopaedics

“…In a study by Zhao et al, AgNP were formed and deposited in titanium nanotubes via electrochemical anodization. 6 The nanorods not only increased the surface area for interaction, but also resulted in the production of two sizes of silver nanoparticles found, 5e10 nm within and 80 nm outside. The difference in sizes is thought to have led to an initial burst of silver ions from the smaller particles followed by a slow dispersal from the larger particles, resulting in a logarithmic release of silver over 30 days.…”