Facile crosslinking of polythiophenes by polyethylenimine via ester aminolysis for selective Cu(II) detection in water

Molecular Design, Synthetic Strategies, and Applications of Cationic Polythiophenes

“…The product was acidified and purified to obtain the cationic linear (cLPT 176 or cLPTM 177 ) or hyperbranched (cBPT 180 or cBPTM 181 ) PTs with R′ = -CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 or -CH­(CONHCH 2 CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 . In a more recent study, linear polythiophene esters (P3ETs) were prepared by FeCl 3 -catalyzed oxidative polymerization and purified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) according to the previous study ( vide supra ) . Three fractions were collected and evaluated by GPC using polystyrene as standard: (1) high molecular weight P3ET (HP3ET, M w = 10.6 kDa and Đ = 1.13), (2) medium molecular weight P3ET (MP3ET, M w = 2.6 kDa and Đ = 1.11), and (3) low molecular weight P3ET (LP3ET, M w = 1.2 kDa and Đ = 1.05) (Scheme B).…”

“… a High molecular weight P3ET ( M w = 10.6 kDa and Đ =1.13, H-series), medium molecular weight P3ET ( M w = 2.6 kDa and Đ =1.11, M-series), and low molecular weight P3ET ( M w = 1.2 kDa and Đ =1.05, L-series)]. b When the molar ratios of the ester groups in HP3ET to primary amines in PEI were 2:1, 1:1, and 1:3, 182a (H2-1), 182b (H1-1), and 182c (H1-3) (H-series) were obtained. The M-series, 182d (M1-1) and 182e (M1-3), and L-series, 182f (L1-1) and 182g (L1-3) were also prepared. …”

“… b When the molar ratios of the ester groups in HP3ET to primary amines in PEI were 2:1, 1:1, and 1:3, 182a (H2-1), 182b (H1-1), and 182c (H1-3) (H-series) were obtained. The M-series, 182d (M1-1) and 182e (M1-3), and L-series, 182f (L1-1) and 182g (L1-3) were also prepared. …”

“…Aside from CPTs with traditional linear chains, those with extended higher dimensional structures (branched) have also been reported, providing unique molecular architectures and novel functionalities. − This review also presents the challenges in preparing CPTs, since some of these compounds are not readily obtained by polymerization of the corresponding reactive monomers using FeCl 3 method. This review highlights the newer applications of CPTs other than sensing − and as a material component in optoelectronic devices and supercapacitors. − CPTs have been used in chiral self-assembly with DNA and sugars, as a nonviral gene-delivery system, , as material for monitoring and detection of various biological processes like cell targeting and imaging, ,− and for biomedical applications as a membrane probe and as anticancer, antifungal, or antibacterial agents with or without light activation. ,− This review only includes the articles containing cationic polythiophenes and those polythiophenes possessing polyaminated groups published in the last 17 years. Although there are other polythiophenes containing anionic or zwitterionic charged groups or cationic polymer containing thiophene moieties, these structures are beyond the scope of this review (except those that are used to compare with the CPTs , ).…”

A Facile Strategy for the Preparation of Carboxymethylcellulose‐Derived Polymer Dots and Their Application to Detect Tetracyclines

“…Recently, fluorescent polymer dots (PDs) have received increasing attention from scientists in the fields of chemical sensors, biolabeling and optoelectronic systems owing to their excellent aqueous dispersibility, high fluorescence brightness, and nontoxic characteristics. [ 16–20 ] PDs are usually divided into subcategories: conjugated or nonconjugated PDs according to the precursor molecular structure. Conjugated PDs possess several advantages, such as strong fluorescence emission, clear luminescence mechanism, and excellent photophysical properties, while several drawbacks, including complex synthetic routes, poor water solubility, aggregation‐induced fluorescence quenching effect or high toxicities, still exist in conjugated PDs, which limit their applications in the field of chemical sensing and biological analysis.…”