Facile Access to Fabricate Carbon Dots and Perspective of Large‐Scale Applications

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs), fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with particle sizes < 10 nm, are constantly being developed for potential large‐scale applications. Recently, methods allow CD synthesis to be carried out on large‐scale preparation in a controlled fashion are potentially important for multiple disciplines, including bottom‐up strategy, top‐down method. In this review, the recent progresses in the research of the methods for large‐scale production of CDs and their functionalization are summarized. Especially, the methods of CD synthesis, such as large‐scale preparation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave‐assisted, magnetic hyperthermia microfluidic and other methods, along with functionalization of CDs, are summarized in detail. By promising applications of CDs, there are three aspects have been already reported, such as enhancing mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and energy storage. Also, future development of CDs is prospected.

Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging

“…Hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses have surpassed microwave synthesis as the predominant method for preparing CDs in an autoclave heated in the range 100–300 °C. , The only difference between hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis is whether water or an organic solvent is used in the reaction. , Hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses feature excellent tolerance for a wide range of precursors, low-toxicity materials, easy scalability, and simple and convenient operation and facilitate doping. Most importantly, these methods present various surface functional groups, especially hydrophilic moieties, such as hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups, , which enable solubility and dispersibility in aqueous media and, therefore, promote and expand the application range of CDs for biological sensing, tracking, imaging, and therapeutics. , …”

“…228,229 Hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses feature excellent tolerance for a wide range of precursors, low-toxicity materials, easy scalability, and simple and convenient operation and facilitate doping. Most importantly, these methods present various surface functional groups, especially hydrophilic moieties, such as hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups, 163,230 which enable solubility and dispersibility in aqueous media and, therefore, promote and expand the application range of CDs for biological sensing, tracking, imaging, and therapeutics. 51,231 3.5.5.3.…”

Synthetic strategies, properties and sensing application of multicolor carbon dots: recent advances and future challenges

“…69 The hydrothermal/ solvothermal method acts as an effective approach for altering the degree of drying and carbonization of raw materials, thereby chiefly regulating the amorphous structures and surface energy traps, which could boost multicolor emission features. 70,71 Therefore, hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment is a method that researchers are more likely to use in the fabrication of M-CDs.…”

Oil-Soluble Ultraviolet-Absorbing Carbon Dots Dispersed in Polyethylene Films as Antiaging Materials

“…Nonetheless, the UV absorption of carbon dots (CDs) mainly depends on n−π* of the surface group and π–π* of carbon, which are adjustable and have a high absorption rate. Experts have performed much research on carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes, , carbon nanofibers, , graphene, , and CDs, − and applied them in other fields for many years. As an important member of the carbon family, CDs are crystalline or amorphous spherical carbon materials with sizes of less than 10 nm.…”