Facial Tissue Depths in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial malformation affecting more than seven million people worldwide that results in defects of the hard palate, teeth, maxilla, nasal spine and floor, and maxillodental asymmetry. CLP facial soft-tissue depth (FSTD) values have never been published. The purpose of this research is to report CLP FSTD values and compare them to previously published FSTD values for normal children. Thirty-eight FSTDs were measured on cone beam computed tomography images of CLP children (n = 86; 7-17 years). MANOVA and ANOVA tests determined whether cleft type, age, sex, and bone graft surgical status affect tissue depths. Both cleft type (unilateral/bilateral) and age influence FSTDs. CLP FSTDs exhibit patterns of variation that differ from normal children, particularly around the oronasal regions of the face. These differences should be taken into account when facial reconstructions of children with CLP are created.

Disruption of symmetry: A quantitative assessment of facial skeleton anatomy in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate

“…Additionally, deformed regions of the craniofacial complex are often associated with reduced sinus volumes in nearby structures, reduced nasal airway volumes (Starbuck et al, ), and increased mucosal thickening of sinus walls (Kula et al, ), which also may increase likelihood of infection. Furthermore, the combination of the UCLP deformity and corrective surgical procedures influences soft‐tissue depths of the face through muscle pull, scarring, and altering the topography of the bone that soft‐tissue attaches to (Starbuck et al, , ).…”

“…Pathogenesis of CLP is associated with changes in patterns of growth of the craniofacial skeleton that are typically addressed through surgical intervention. Despite surgeries, individuals with unilateral and bilateral CLP display facial form differences related to this defect (Starbuck et al, , , ). Results from previous investigations of CLP suggest that faces of children born with CLP also express some degree of asymmetry (Starbuck et al, , ), although this phenomenon is rarely quantified.…”

A morphometric analysis of developmental instability in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate

“…Using Dolphin Imaging software (v11.5; Chatsworth, CA), anatomical landmarks (Fig. , Table ) were identified on CBCT images of all individuals on two separate occasions with at least 24 hr in between measurements of individuals to avoid memory bias (Starbuck et al, , , ). Coordinate values of both trials from 10 individuals were compared to eliminate the possibility of gross errors (e.g., swapping sides, altering order) and to assess measurement error and repeatability.…”

A Síndrome Metabólica No Contexto Da Odontogeriatria

“…A ETMF em pontos craniométricos pré-definidospodemser obtidos a partir de várias técnicas de mensuraçãocomo o método de punção em cadáveresou em pessoas vivas por meio de tomografia computadorizada(TC), ultrassonografia (US) e ressonância magnética (RM) (DE GREEF et al, 2006;DOMARACKI;STEPHAN, 2006). Essas técnicas têm sido utilizadasem um grande número de estudos e em diferentes populações de vários países, a fim de avaliar ETMF (BRIERS et al, 2015;BULUT;SIPAHIOGLU;HEKIMOGLU, 2014;CHUNG et al, 2015;EL-MEHALLAWI;SOLIMAN, 2001;GUYOMARC'H et al, 2013;PITHON et al, 2014;RHINE;CAMPBELL, 1980;RUIZ, 2013;SAHNI et al, 2008;STARBUCK;GHONEIMA;KULA, 2015), considerandovariáveis como sexo, idade e ancestralidade (UTSUNO et al, 2007). Também se observaa influência do índice de massa corporal (IMC) (DE GREEF et al, 2009)utilizando uma ampla variedade de tamanhos da amostra e condições (comovivos, mortos e embalsamados).…”