Facial morphometry of television actresses compared with normal women

Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive Italian Women as Compared to Normal Women

“…10 Additionally, and confirming preceding investigations mostly focused on dentolabial characteristics, a great importance was given to lips: a large mouth, with prominent lips, has always been associated with positive feelings, conveying attractiveness and youthfulness. [7][8][9][14][15][16][17]20,21,26 The esthetic importance of lips seems to be widely shared by the public, with the considerable diffusion of cosmetic lip modifications and the industry of the various kinds of lip fillers. 21 Among the limitations of the current study is the analysis of only one of the cues that people are thought to use to determine facial attractiveness.…”

“…The same procedure used in previous studies 8,16,20,23 was followed. For each woman, a single experienced operator located and marked 50 soft tissue landmarks by inspection and palpation 8 ( Figure 1, Table 1).…”

“…The faces of attractive children, female adolescents, and adult women share several characteristics of babyness: a large face with a large forehead, a relatively large and more prominent facial middle third, reduced vertical development, full and prominent lips, and a more convex soft tissue facial profile than in the normal coetaneous population. 6,[8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In contrast, for postpubertal adolescent boys and adult men, attractiveness seems to be positively influenced by facial markers of high testosterone levels, with a relative increment of the facial lower third (more prominent chin, less prominent lips). 6,[9][10]12,18,20 On the other hand, several studies demonstrated that secular trends and even the cultural background can influence the perception of beauty, at least for adult subjects.…”

Three-dimensional Facial Morphometry of Attractive Children and Normal Children in the Deciduous and Early Mixed Dentition

“…[1][2][3] This part of the body has been extensively studied by scientists, clinicians, artists, and many who have tried to measure and re-produce some of the facial characteristics, not the least of which has been beauty. 4,5 Esthetic criteria appear to have been defined in almost all cultures, 2,[5][6][7][8] but the actual presence of codified facial dimensions, angles, and ratios in attractive people is still a matter of debate. Scientific research on the quantitative, measurable bases of facial attractiveness is, therefore, still in progress.…”

The role of the golden proportion in the evaluation of facial esthetics

“…[20][21][22] The authors analyzed different facial features (distances, angles, volumes, areas, and ratios), defining some characteristics of facial attractiveness typical for age and sex. Among the others, a large forehead, a wide face (especially in the middle third), a small nose, a large mouth, and a flat profile are the main facial characteristics that seem to be correlated with a better esthetic perception.…”