Three-dimensional Facial Morphometry of Attractive Children and Normal Children in the Deciduous and Early Mixed Dentition

Sforza, Chiarella; Laino, A; D’Alessio, Raoul; Dellavia, Claudia; Grandi, Gaia; Ferrario, Virgilio F.

doi:10.2319/100206-400.1

Cited by 38 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Along with other scientific and technological advances, newer techniques, such as laser scans, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasounds * , contact digitalization, and stereophotogrammetry, provide significant changes on the diagnosis process, as these are considered to be non-invasive methods of facial analysis [1][2][3] . Furthermore, analogic data have become digital, opening the possibility for quick, precise, and non-radioactive image captures, which can be simultaneously stored for future analysis as well as shared with patients and colleagues 1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

Júnior

Magri

Melchior

et al. 2016

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoIntrodução: Antropometria é a ciência responsável por medir o peso, tamanho e proporções do corpo humano, fornecendo informações objetivas e confiáveis para caracterizar variações e dismorfismos fenotípicos. Entre os novos métodos de análise facial, a técnica da estereofotogrametria tem mostrado excelentes resultados devido o uso de um grupo de câmeras capazes de fotografar sujeitos em múltiplos ângulos. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) analisar o perfil facial de um grupo de jovens adultos saudáveis brasileiros, entre 18 e 30 anos, (2) definir valores comuns entre os sujeitos, (3) criar uma base de dados de medidas faciais de uma porção desta população jovem adulta de brasileiros para ser utilizada em trabalhos futuros, e (4) testar a precisão e repetibilidade do equipamento Vectra M3  . Material e método: Sessenta jovens adultos brasileiros participaram deste estudo, 30 homens e 30 mulheres. Pontos de referência craniométricos temporários foram realizados em tecido mole, e estes sujeitos foram fotografados pela técnica da estereofotogrametria. Trinta pontos de referência foram usados para realizar as medições (em mm) de 35 distâncias. A repetibilidade do equipamento foi testada em 20% da amostra (12 sujeitos). Resultado: Os valores entre a primeira e a segunda aquisição foram estatisticamente (p<0,05) similares para todas as 35 distancias analisadas. Os achados possibilitaram a criação de um banco de dados confiável contendo distâncias de uma porção da população jovem adulta saudável brasileira. Além disso, as distâncias Tr-N, N-Sn, Ls-Sto, Sto-Li, En[r]-En[l] e Prn-Sn não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre o grupo de homens (GM) e o grupo de mulheres (GW), enquanto as outras 29 distâncias foram significativamente maiores em GM. Conclusão: A técnica e os métodos empregados neste estudo possibilitaram análise objetiva do perfil facial de um grupo de jovens adultos saudáveis brasileiros, e o equipamento Vectra M3  mostrou alto nível de precisão e reprodutibilidade.Descritores: Estereofotogrametria; antropometria; face; população brasileira. AbstractIntroduction: Anthropometry is the science responsible for measuring the weight, size, and proportions of the human body, providing valuable and objective insights into how to characterize phenotypic variation and dysmorphology. Among the newer methods for facial analysis, the stereophotogrammetry technique has shown excellent results given its use of a group of fast cameras that photograph subjects from multiple angles. Objective: The aims of the present study were: (1) to analyze the facial profile of a group of healthy young Brazilian adults, between 18 and 30 years of age, (2) to define common facial values among the subjects, (3) to create a database of facial measurements of a portion of this young healthy Brazilian population to be used in future works, and (4) to test the precision and repeatability of the Vectra M3  equipment. Material and method: Sixty healthy young Brazilian adults participated in the study, 30 males and 30 femal...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

Júnior

Magri

Melchior

et al. 2016

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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“…[2][3][4][5] Orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons, therefore, should have a deep understanding of the facial characteristics that are currently considered by the public as ''attractive.'' 2,3,6,[7][8][9] psychology, the esthetic appraisal of adult faces depends on various combinations of averageness, symmetry, neoteny (babyness) and youthfulness, and sexual dimorphism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The faces of attractive children, female adolescents, and adult women share several characteristics of babyness: a large face with a large forehead, a relatively large and more prominent facial middle third, reduced vertical development, full and prominent lips, and a more convex soft tissue facial profile than in the normal coetaneous population. 6,[8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In contrast, for postpubertal adolescent boys and adult men, attractiveness seems to be positively influenced by facial markers of high testosterone levels, with a relative increment of the facial lower third (more prominent chin, less prominent lips). 6,[9][10]12,18,20 On the other hand, several studies demonstrated that secular trends and even the cultural background can influence the perception of beauty, at least for adult subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive Italian Women as Compared to Normal Women

Sforza

Laino

D’Alessio³

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To compare the facial characteristics of two different groups of attractive women with those of reference women. Materials and Methods: The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks were collected in 71 healthy reference women (18-30 years old) and in 24 coetaneous ''attractive'' women selected during two different beauty competitions; soft tissue facial angles, distances, areas, and volumes were computed and compared using analysis of variance. Results: When compared with reference women, both groups of attractive women shared several similar facial characteristics: relatively large forehead (P Ͻ .001), reduced mandible (P ϭ .008), and rounded face (reduced surface-to-volume ratio, P ϭ .002). They had a more acute soft tissue profile, an increased upper facial width (P Ͻ .001) and middle facial depth, larger mouth, and more voluminous lips (P ϭ .005) than reference women. Conclusions: Both groups of attractive women had several facial characteristics suggesting babyness. Nonetheless, each group of women was characterized by a different development of these features. Esthetic reference values can be a useful tool for clinicians, but should always consider the characteristics of individual faces. (Angle Orthod. 2009;79:17-23.)

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“…The scientific and technological advances, techniques such as laser scanning, MRI, ultrasound, scan for contact and stereophotogrammetry offer significant changes in the diagnostic process, because they are considered non-invasive methods of facial analysis 5,7,8 . .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the facial analysis in 3D is still limited to laboratories of universities and research centers 8,18 .…”

Section: Go-gn (D) Go-t (D) Sum Go-gn (E) Go-t (E) Summentioning

confidence: 99%

3D stereophotogrammetry facial analysis of Angle I subjects: gender comparison

Silva

Magri

Júnior

et al. 2015

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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Objective The aim of this study was to establish reference parameters for facial analysis in subjects with Angle’s Class I occlusion by means of stereophotogrammetry, comparing men and women. Material and method Twenty-six healthy young adults with Angle’s Class I occlusion volunteered to participate in the study, 15 males and 11 females, ages between 18 and 30 years old (22 years ± 5). These subjects were clinically examined to verify their type of occlusion. Twenty-five landmarks were performed in soft tissue, and those subjects underwent image capturing by the stereophotogrammetry technique, using the apparatus Vectra (M3-Canfield®). The following variables were measured in those images: naso-labial angle (C-Sn-Ls); (N-Prn-Pg); (N-Sn-Pg); mentolabial (Li-Ps-Pg); growth angle (T-Go-Pg), cheek area (T, Zy, Chk, Ch, Gn, Go), hemifaces' areas (T, Zy, Ft, Tr, N, Prn, C, Sn, Ls, Sto, Li Ps, Gn, Go), lip area, bilaterally (Ls, Cph, Ch, Li, Sto), and linear measurements of the lips and jaw. Result and conclusion The data were compared between genders (Student's t-test), and no statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05) were found. Despite the limitations of this study, it is possible to conclude that, as there were no differences between men and women for the studied variables (angular, linear, and area), the data of the total sample (Class I) should be used as reference parameters in future studies. Additionally, the 3D stereophotogrammetry technique has proven to be a new possibility for facial analysis, which might be employed in several areas of dentistry.

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Three-dimensional Facial Morphometry of Attractive Children and Normal Children in the Deciduous and Early Mixed Dentition

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive Italian Women as Compared to Normal Women

3D stereophotogrammetry facial analysis of Angle I subjects: gender comparison

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