Facial Arterial Depth and Relationship with the Facial Musculature Layer

Abstract

This study provides new anatomical insight into the relationships between the facial artery branches and the facial muscles, including providing useful information for clinical applications in the fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

A Comprehensive Approach to Multimodal Facial Aesthetic Treatment

“…Figure 5 illustrates the most common location and tracts of these vessels, although the precise locations of these structures have shown variability between individual subjects. 31,32 Aspiration attempts by drawing back on the syringe once optimal needle placement is achieved is an essential precautionary measure to avoid injection into proximate arteries or veins. Older patients with thinner skin may require a deeper placement into the V3 region given that more superficial placement may not remain stable and may be more noticeable unless masked by support structures.…”

Sectioned images and surface models of a cadaver head with reference to botulinum neurotoxin injection

“…To successfully perform the BTX injection, it is crucial to understand the stereoscopic anatomy of the face [2,5,7,[9][10][11][12][21][22][23]. Therefore, it is vital that untrained students, or trainees in particular, should understand anatomy prior to clinical practice.…”

“…Skin (47) right half of skin , left half of skin creases (19) feet of crow skin creases, baggy lower eyelid skin c., blepharochalasis skin c., bunny lines skin c., fastoon skin c., glabellar frown line skin c., glabellar transverse line skin c., horizontal forehead lines skin c., horizontal upper lip line skin c., jowl skin c., labiomandibular fold skin c., marionette line skin c., mentolabial c. skin c., midcheek furrow skin c., nasojugal groove skin c., nasolabial fold skin c., palpebromalar groove skin c., preauricular lines skin c., tear trough skin c. surface metopion, glabella, sellion, rhinion, subnasale, stomion, mid lower landmarks lip point, pogonion, gnathion, frontal eminence, eurion, interciliary (22) point located on infraorbital notch, lateral orbital rim at the level of lateral canthus, zygomatic porint lacated on outer orbital region, zygion, alare, midpoint of nasolateral fold between alare and cheilion, gonion, cupid blow's peak, cheilion, lower lip points, lateral chin point located 2 cm to pogonion lip (4) vermillion border, lip, oral commissure, philtrum ligament (7) mandibular retaining lig, zygomatic cutaneous lig, zygomatic lig, orbital retaining lig, lateral orbital thickening, masseteric cutaneous lig, superior temporal septum anatomical layer of face (1) Skin thickness bone (1) bone muscle (31) frontalis m., procerus m., orbicularis oculi m.*, corrugator supercilii m.*, depressor supercilii m.*, orbicularis oris m., depressor anguli oris m.*, risorius m.*, zygomaticus major m.*, zygomaticus minor m.*, levator labii superioris m.*, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.*, depressor labii inferioris m.*, modiolus m., mentalis m.*, masseter m.*, temporalis m.*, platysma artery (10) dorsal nasal a., inferior labial a., lateral nasal a., nasal septal br, superior labial a., supraorbital a., supratrochlear a., inferior a.lar branch, facial a., columellar a. vein (10) angular v., inferior labial v., inferior palpebral v., intercanthal v., lateral nasal v., sentinel v., superior palpebral v., supraorbital v., supratrochlear v., facial v. nerve (10) auriculotemporal n., buccal n., external nasal branch of ophthalmic n., infraorbital n., infratrochlear n., mental n., supraorbital n., supratrochlear n., zygomaticofacial n., zygomaticotemporal n. gland (2) submandibular gland, parotid gland fat compartments (6) jowl fat comp., lateral malar fat comp., medial malar fat comp., temporal fat comp., nasolabial fat comp., infraorbital fat comp. Injection points of Botulinum rebalancing, crow s feet, infraorbital wrinkles, the botulium toxin (19) horizontal Supplementary 1.…”

A novel anatomical consideration on the exposed segment of the facial artery

“…While the distribution of the FA has been described in various ways in many publications, a common description is that the FA terminates at the nasal tip or angular region after passing the ala of the nose (Koh et al, ; Pinar et al, ; Loukas et al, ; Yang et al, ; Lee et al, ; Pilsl et al, ). This indicates that most of the FA are primarily supplying the perioral region bounded by the nasal base, the NLF, and the labiomental crease (Ponsky and Guyuron, ).…”