Face and Neck Dermatitis from a Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliance

Ehrnrooth, M; Kerosuo, Heidi

doi:10.2319/092908-509r.1

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They also reported a higher prevalence of nickel allergy in girls, which is also reported in other papers [56,57]. Although orthodontic alloys are considered safe, there are case reports on nickel hypersensitivity caused by orthodontic appliances, both from stainless steel and nickel-titanium alloys [50,[58][59][60]. Common intra-oral signs include redness, swelling, and soreness of the oral mucosa and palate, gingiva and lips [59].…”

Section: Corrosion and Elemental Releasesupporting

confidence: 59%

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Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Santander

Ossa

2015

Rev. nac. odontol.

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Abstract. Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials in current orthodontics. Archwires, brackets, bands, ligatures, tubes, among other appliances, are manufactured using different types of this alloy. The first evidence of the use of this alloy in the orthodontic field dates back to the mid-1920s, when it was introduced as a material to manufacture wires. The alloy has ever since gained popularity among orthodontists and its further development has led to its widespread use in today's different orthodontic techniques. Despite being available for more than 80 years, and the fact that most orthodontists use it on a daily basis, there is still a lack of knowledge about the basic principles, composition, and properties of this material by these professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to discuss the main characteristics and properties of stainless steel that are useful in the orthodontic practice for orthodontists to take advantage of this remarkable material.Keywords: stainless steel, orthodontic wires, austenitic, orthodontic brackets. Resumen. El acero inoxidable es uno de los materiales más ampliamente utilizados en la ortodoncia actual. Los arcos de alambre, brackets, bandas, ligaduras, tubos, entre otros aparatos, se fabrican utilizando diferentes tipos de esta aleación. La primera evidencia del uso de esta aleación en el campo de la ortodoncia se remonta a mediados de la década de los veinte cuando se introdujo como un material para fabricar alambres. Desde ese entonces, esta aleación ha ganado popularidad entre los ortodoncistas y su desarrollo posterior ha llevado al uso extendido en las diferentes técnicas de ortodoncia de la actualidad. A pesar de haber estado disponible por más de ochenta años, y del hecho de que la mayoría de los ortodoncistas lo usan a diario, todavía existe un desconocimiento acerca de los principios básicos, la composición y las propiedades de este material por parte de estos profesionales. Por tanto, el objeto de esta revisión de la literatura es discutir las principales características y propiedades del acero inoxidable que son útiles en la práctica de la ortodoncia para que los ortodoncistas se beneficien de este notable material.Palabras clave: acero inoxidable, alambres de ortodoncia, austenítico, brackets de ortodoncia. Aço inoxidável: fatos significativos para o ortodontista praticanteResumo. O aço inoxidável é um dos materiais mais largamente empregados na ortodontia atual. Os arcos de arame, aparelhos, bandas, ligaduras, tubos, dentre outros aparelhos, são fabricados com diferentes tipos desta liga. A primeira evidencia do uso desta liga no campo da ortodontia remonta a meados da década dos vinte quando foi introduzido um material para fabricar arames. Desde essa altura, essa liga ganhou popularidade dentre os ortodontistas e seu desenvolvimento subsequente levou a ampliar seu uso nas diferentes técnicas de ortodontia da atualidade. Embora estivesse disponível por mais de 80 anos, e apesar do fato de que a maioria dos ortodontistas ut...

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Section: Corrosion and Elemental Releasesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Common intra-oral signs include redness, swelling, and soreness of the oral mucosa and palate, gingiva and lips [59]. Extra-oral manifestations, such as dermatitis, may also be observed [58].…”

Section: Corrosion and Elemental Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Santander

Ossa

2015

Rev. nac. odontol.

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“…Case reports of allergic reactions during orthodontic therapy support this suspect [11,26]. Moreover, in-vitro evidence indicates that Ni can cause cytotoxic, immunogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic processes in dependence on the chemical form, concentration, duration and route of exposure [9,14,18,30,47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE Orthodontic appliances are considered to be highly biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to the release of nickel ions (Ni(2+)) have been documented. Self-ligating brackets have grown in popularity for economic reasons and supposed friction reduction. The aim of the present prospective cohort study was therefore to determine salivary Ni(2+) concentrations in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with self-ligating fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 30 patients between 10 and 13 years of age were treated with self-ligating brackets (SmartClip™), molar bands, and nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected after different time points (before treatment, after self-ligating bracket and band placement, before archwire insertion, after archwire insertion, and finally 4 and 8 weeks afterwards) and analyzed with an ICP mass spectrometer followed by generalized estimating equation modelling with = 5 %. RESULTS The baseline median salivary Ni(2+) concentration was 21.85 µg/l, while the Ni(2+) concentrations at the following visits ranged between 13.73 and 85.34 µg/l. Significant increases in Ni(2+) levels compared to the baseline levels were detected after band/bracket placement [+59.76 µg/l; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 44.88-74.64 µg/l; P < 0.001] and after archwire insertion (+53.55 µg/l; 95 % CI 25.57-81.52 µg/l; P < 0.001). After 4 weeks, Ni(2+) concentrations returned to initial control levels or were lower. CONCLUSION Self-ligating orthodontic appliances may affect salivary Ni(2+) concentrations in vivo over the short term. However, levels resembled those documented in conjunction with conventional bracket use and remained below the daily dietary Ni intake. 2 Abstract Background and objective: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be highly biocompatible,

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“…A "safety threshold" of Ni release without biological repercussions has not been considered up to now. Furthermore, it has been reported that in cases of hypersensitivity to orthodontic appliances, removal of the appliances clearly results in an improvement in the symptoms [28,[47][48][49]. At the cellular level, other studies have reported that Ni-containing orthodontic appliances may induce DNA damage [32] or increase epithelial cell proliferation [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Thermocycling on Nickel Release from Orthodontic Arch Wires: an In Vitro Study

Sheibaninia

2014

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The amount of daily intake of metals from orthodontic appliances over time is a matter of great concern. Nickel results in one of the most common metal-induced allergic contact dermatitis in humans; it produces more allergic reactions than all the other metals combined together. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermocycling on the nickel release from orthodontic arch wires stored in artificial saliva with different pH values. Forty new wire pieces were selected. Each wire piece was placed in a special capillary Pyrex tube filled with artificial saliva, which was sealed and immersed in deionized water at 37 °C. The samples were divided into four groups of ten. Group I received no treatment; group II was subjected to thermocycling. The pH of storage in groups III and IV was reduced to 4.5, and group IV was subjected to thermocycling. Thermocycling was carried out between 5 and 55 °C for 500 cycles. The release of nickel ions was statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA for the effects of two variables: pH and thermocycling. The interaction between pH and thermocycling was found to be statistically significant (F = 12.127, P = 0.001). Two-way ANOVA showed that different storage media or pH and thermocycling had a significant effect on the nickel release (F = 52.812, P < 0.001 and F = 197.035, P < 0.001, respectively). Thermocycling and pH can adversely affect the release of nickel from orthodontic wires, while thermocycling is clearly the dominant factor.

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Face and Neck Dermatitis from a Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliance

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

Effect of Thermocycling on Nickel Release from Orthodontic Arch Wires: an In Vitro Study

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