Fabrication of ZrO2/AISI316L functionally graded materials for joint prostheses

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

“…Superposition of an external pressure helps to solve this problem, and HP, HIP, and FAST/SPS are required for the complete densification of FGMs. For instance, laminated TiN/Al 2 O 3 and layers of (TiN) x (Al 2 O 3 ) 1Àx (x ranging from 1 to 0), [186] hydroxyapatite/yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia, [187] ZrB 2 /ZrO 2 , [188] Ti/TiB 2 /B, [189] Ni/Cu, [190] mullite/molybdenum, [191] ZrO 2 /stainless steel, [192] or Al 2 O 3 /SiC [193] were successfully densified by FAST/SPS.…”

Fabrication of PSZ–Ti composites by spark plasma sintering and their mechanical properties

“…The SPS has been applied to the fabrication of a variety of materials, such as metal-metal composites, ceramic-metal composites, ceramic-ceramic composites and FGMs, and then the specific characteristics of the SPS have been discussed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Comparison between the HP and SPS techniques in sintering of Ti-Al 2 O 3 -TiC composites was carried out by Musa et al [8] and it was shown that both methods could fabricate the similar materials on mechanical properties, and however the sintering under low temperature and short time in the SPS led to an energy saving in 90-95% compared with the HP.…”

Mechanical performance and in vivo bioactivity of functionally graded PEEK–HA biocomposite materials

“…In fact, functionally graded materials (FGMs) for biological applications have been investigated for years. Mishina et al [8] studied ZrO 2 /AlSi316L FGMs for joint prostheses applications to increase the fracture toughness of ceramics and avoid the degradation and toxicity of metals. Pei et al [9] and Rabiei et al [10] have successfully fabricated the functionally graded carbon nanotubes/HA composite coatings and pure HA coatings on titanium alloys, respectively, to improve the bioactivity of the metallic materials.…”