Fabrication of tapered, conical-shaped titania nanotubes

Mor, Gopal K.; Varghese, Oomman K.; Paulose, Maggie; Mukherjee, Niloy; Grimes, Craig A.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2003.0362

Cited by 454 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, DRS were also obtained in 200-800 nm wavelength range to calculate the band gap energy of the samples. It is known that the applied voltage is one of the most important parameters on nanotubes morphology and by increasing the anodizing voltage, tubes diameters can be increased due to the improved chemical etching through the more florid ion arrived to the Ti substrate [28]. The TiO 2 nanotubes diameters and wall thickness depend on anodizing voltage as follows [38]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different approaches were suggested so far to improve dye cells efficiency like replacing TiO 2 nanoparticles with nanotubes since one dimensional TiO 2 nanotube arrays provide direct path for electrons and improves the electron transport velocity and also cause reduction of the charge recombination [18,19]. TiO 2 nanotubes have been prepared by various methods such as sol-gel [20][21][22], liquid-phase deposition [23], hydrothermal [24][25][26] and electrochemical anodization processes [27,28]. Amongst them, the electrochemical anodization of Titanium foil is producing compacted and oriented arrays and is known to be one of the most simple and low cost processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of various applied voltages on physical properties of TiO2 nanotubes by anodization method

et al. 2017

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Three steps anodization process is used to synthesize highly ordered and uniform multilayered titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) nanotubes and effect of different anodization voltages are studied on their physical properties such as structural, morphological and optical. The crystalized structure of the synthesized tubes is investigated by X-ray diffractometer analysis. To study the morphology of the tubes, field emission scanning electron microscopy is used, which showed that the wall thicknesses and the diameters of the tubes are affected by the different anodization voltages. Moreover, optical studies performed by diffuse reflection spectra suggested that band gap of the TiO 2 nanotubes are also changed by applying different anodization voltages. In this study using physical investigations, an optimum anodization voltage is obtained to synthesize the uniform crystalized TiO 2 nanotubes with suitable diameter, wall thickness and optical properties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of various applied voltages on physical properties of TiO2 nanotubes by anodization method

et al. 2017

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“…Among these, Grimes and coworkers [15] reported an effective route in 2001 toward the fabrication of titania nanotube arrays by anodization of a titanium foil in fluoride-based electrolyte solutions by using fluoride ions as effective etchants. It has been found that the nanotube morphology [22], length and pore size [23], as well as wall thickness [24] might be readily controlled by varied experimental parameters such as electrolyte composition, solution pH, as well as electrode voltage [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue by TiO2 nanotube arrays: effects of TiO2 crystalline phase

Kang

Chen

2010

J Mater Sci

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TiO 2 nanotube arrays were synthesized by anodization of Ti metal sheets followed by thermal annealing at elevated temperatures from 400 to 600°C. Scanning electron microscopic measurements showed that dense arrays of nanotubes were produced with the inner diameter about 100 nm, wall thickness 35 nm, and length about 10 lm. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the as-prepared nanotubes were largely amorphous, whereas thermal annealing led to the formation of welldefined anatase crystalline phase. More interestingly, at 470°C, the brookite crystalline phase also started to emerge, which became better defined at 500°C and disappeared eventually at higher temperatures, a phenomenon that has not been observed previously in TiO 2 nanotube arrays prepared by anodization. The impacts of the TiO 2 nanocrystalline structure on the photocatalytic activity were then examined by using the reduction of methylene blue in water as an illustrating example. Upon exposure to UV lights, the visible absorption profiles of methylene blue exhibited apparent diminishment. Based on these spectrophotometric measurements, the corresponding pseudo-firstorder rate constant was estimated, and the sample thermally annealed at 500°C was found to exhibit the highest activity. The strong correlation between the TiO 2 crystalline characteristics and photocatalytic performance suggests that the synergistic coupling of the anatase and brookite crystalline domains led to effective charge separation upon photoirradiation and hence improved photocatalytic activity, most probably as a consequence of the vectorial displacement at the nanoscale junctions between these crystalline grains that impeded the dynamics of electron-hole recombination. These results demonstrate the significance of nanoscale engineering in the manipulation of oxide photocatalytic performance.

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“…Samples were anodized in a hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution at room temperature with magnetic stirring. According to previous studies conducted by Gong et al [13,14], the direct-current voltage was set to 20 V and the distance between platinum cathode and anode was kept at about 1 cm during anodization. One set of titanium samples was anodized in 1.5 wt% HF for 5 min to produce a particulate structure while the other set was anodized in 0.5 wt% HF for 20 min resulting in a tube-like structure.…”

Section: Anodization Of Titanium Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few studies have been conducted examining the effects of nanoroughness on cell function in the absence of changes in chemistry. Following the work by Gong et al [13,14], anodization techniques used in the present study enabled the fabrication of titanium oxide films with unique nanoarchitectures by using hydrofluoric acid (HF) as the electrolyte. The objective of this in vitro study is to synthesize nano-rough surfaces on titanium through anodization and determine osteoblast adhesion on such novel surfaces compared to conventional ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Nanosurface Modification by Anodization for Orthopedic Applications

2004

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Titanium is broadly used in orthopedic and dental applications mainly because of its optimal mechanical properties in load-bearing applications. However, insufficient new bone formation is frequently observed on titanium which sometimes leads to implant loosening and failure. For this reason, the objective of the present in vitro study was to modify the surface of conventional titanium to include nanostructured surface features that promote the functions of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). This study focused on creating nanostructured titanium surfaces since bone itself has a large degree of nanostructured roughness that bone cells are accustomed to interacting with. In this study, the surface of titanium was modified by anodic oxidation techniques. The electrolyte used for anodization was hydrofluoric acid. Depending on acid concentration and anodization time, two kinds of different nano-architectures, either particulate or tube-like structures, were formed on the titanium surface. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the titanium oxide formed on the surface of titanium was amorphous. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the surface morphology. Cell adhesion studies showed that the anodized nanostructured titanium surface promoted osteoblast adhesion compared to non-anodized titanium. This result indicated that anodization may be a simple method to modify the surface of titanium implants to enhance bone-forming cell function thereby increasing orthopedic implant efficacy.

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Fabrication of tapered, conical-shaped titania nanotubes

Cited by 454 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of various applied voltages on physical properties of TiO2 nanotubes by anodization method

Effects of various applied voltages on physical properties of TiO2 nanotubes by anodization method

Photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue by TiO2 nanotube arrays: effects of TiO2 crystalline phase

Titanium Nanosurface Modification by Anodization for Orthopedic Applications

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