Effects of various applied voltages on physical properties of TiO2 nanotubes by anodization method

Abstract

Three steps anodization process is used to synthesize highly ordered and uniform multilayered titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) nanotubes and effect of different anodization voltages are studied on their physical properties such as structural, morphological and optical. The crystalized structure of the synthesized tubes is investigated by X-ray diffractometer analysis. To study the morphology of the tubes, field emission scanning electron microscopy is used, which showed that the wall thicknesses and the diameters of the tubes are affected by the different anodization voltages. Moreover, optical studies performed by diffuse reflection spectra suggested that band gap of the TiO 2 nanotubes are also changed by applying different anodization voltages. In this study using physical investigations, an optimum anodization voltage is obtained to synthesize the uniform crystalized TiO 2 nanotubes with suitable diameter, wall thickness and optical properties.

Influence of Titania Nanotubes Diameter on Its Antibacterial Efficacy against Periodontal Pathogens: An In vitro Analysis

“…TNT could be prepared on titanium surfaces by various approaches, namely sol-gel method, liquid phase deposition, electrochemical anodization, and hydrothermal technique. [ 20 ] Most oriented and structured nanotubes have been found to be produced at a simple, low-cost process with anodization technique. [ 21 ] By altering factors such as time, voltage, temperature, cathode anode distance, and electrolyte concentration, morphological control over TNT nanotubes are proven to be possible.…”

Quasi‐1D Aligned Nanostructures for Solar‐Driven Water Splitting Applications: Challenges, Promises, and Perspectives

“…The electrochemically anodized 1D TiO 2 NT arrays (NTAs) possess distinctive characteristics compared with NTs grown by other routes, as the NTs formed are highly ordered, well organized, and perpendicularly oriented on the Ti substrate surface. Using different varieties of fluoride-based etching electrolytes, such as NaF, NH 4 F, and hydrogen fluoride, in addition to others [127][128][129][130] and a variable voltage range from 10 to 150 V, [42,58,125,131] NTAs with controlled size and length can be fabricated.…”

Catalyst-Doped Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes: Binder-Free Electrodes for (Photo)Electrochemical Reactions

“…Normally, pores with sizes of 10-100 nm can be produced using the typical voltage ranges given above [11,44,54,55]. For instance, a pore size of around 100 nm is easily obtained at 20 V. Similarly, the size of the pores produced in ethylene glycol solution is proportional to the applied voltage, but a voltage of 40-45 V corresponds to a pore size of 100 nm [31,56,57].…”

“…The longest reported nanotubes produced under aqueous conditions were of 7.3 µm in length, but 1-3 µm nanotubes are achieved in most cases [11,31,49,58,59]. In contrast, nanotubes tens or hundreds of µm in length can be grown in ethylene glycol, allowing researchers to adjust the length of the nanotubes from a few hundreds of nanometers to micrometers by controlling the anodization time [8,31,56,57]. However, longer anodization time causes the formation of nanograsses, which are produced by nanotubes splitting in the direction of the applied electric field of the F − ions.…”