Fabrication of Spray-Dried Microcapsules Containing Noni Juice Using Blends of Maltodextrin and Gum Acacia: Physicochemical Properties of Powders and Bioaccessibility of Bioactives during In Vitro Digestion

Abstract

Microencapsulation of fermented noni juice (FNJ) into powder format could protect bioactive compounds, reduce the unpleasant odour and improve the acceptability for consumers. Blends of maltodextrin (MD) and gum acacia (GA) were used to achieve spray-drying microencapsulation of noni juice at different blending ratios. The physicochemical properties including microstructure, moisture content, water activity, particle size, bulk/tapped density, dissolution rate, ATR-FTIR and the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in powders during in vitro digestion were examined. Results showed that blends produced with more GA produced microcapsules with lower moisture content, water activity and bulk/tapped density, but slower powder dissolution. The ATR-FTIR results suggested that there were no significant chemical interactions between the core material and carrier or between the MD and GA in the blend powders. The spray-dried noni juice powder produced using the blends with higher ratio of GA to MD showed a better protection on the bioactive compounds, resulting in a higher bioaccessibility of powders during in vitro digestion. This study provides insights into microencapsulation of noni juice using blends of MD and GA and examines the physicochemical properties and bioaccessibilities of spray-dried powders as affected by the selected carriers.

Comparing Three Types of Mandarin Powders Prepared via Microfluidic-Jet Spray Drying: Physical Properties, Phenolic Retention and Volatile Profiling

“…In the current study, the bulk and trapped densities obtained for all the juice powders were between 0.5 to 0.6 g/mL and 0.6 to 0.7 g/mL, respectively ( Table 2 ). These results were similar to those that were reported in our previous study on Noni juice, while using the same MFJ spray dryer [ 16 ]. The bulk density of the A2, A3, RS2, and RS3 powder samples were higher in comparison to that of the A1 and RS1 powders.…”

“…The microstructure of the powder samples was observed while using a SEM (TM3030Plus, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) following the method from our previous studies [ 16 , 21 ]. The powders were attached to an aluminium stub while using a double-side adhesive tape and further sputter-coated with a thin layer of gold palladium.…”

“…On the other hand, spray drying has long been used as an efficient way to produce powders from fruits [ 15 , 16 ]. It has many advantages, including the ease of operation and scale up for commercialisation, which offer lower cost and higher throughput when ompared to other drying techniques.…”

Evaluation of saponin-rich extracts as natural alternative emulsifiers: A comparative study with pure Quillaja Bark saponin

“…This polymer could also influence the spectra of the samples submitted to different solvents. The MD is highly soluble in water and holds low solubility in ethanol, which could be related with variations in the peak at 1147 cm − 1 (FG) and 1143 cm − 1 (RA), commonly attributed to the MD [61], whose presence in water fractions disappeared when dissolved in ethanol.…”

Membrane Disruption Properties of Essential Oils—A Double-Edged Sword?

“…Chenni et al (2020) recently reported on using a solvent-free microwave extraction method for basil oil, followed by encapsulation with maltodextrins/acacia gum as a carrier for direct insecticidal activity [67]. While gum arabic (acacia gum) has been proven to be an effective encapsulating carrier [68], the addition of maltodextrins, which are widely available from maize, wheat and potato starch, offer an effective complement to gum arabic [69], suggesting that this could be a cost-efficient option needed for formulating EOs as biopesticides. Although maltodextrin is widely applied in spray drying technology for the food industry, the encapsulation of the secondary metabolites by this technique should be treated with precaution, as high temperatures may exert a great impact on the physiochemical properties of the bioactive molecules [68].…”