Fabrication of protic ionic liquid/sulfonated polyimide composite membranes for non-humidified fuel cells

Lee, Seung Yul; Yasuda, Tomohiro; Watanabe, Masayoshi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.045

Cited by 155 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Hence, the proton transference numbers t + of about 0.5 are the rule rather than the exception. [32][33][34] As discussed by Yasuda et al, 35 t + values smaller than 1 not only reduce proton conductivity, but also cause additional polarization through the buildup of concentration gradients in the electrolyte. In a protic electrolyte, the proton charge transfer may, in principle, take place through two mechanisms:…”

Section: Journal Of the Electrochemical Society 163 (2) F25-f37 (2016)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…• C. [31][32][33][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Most of these PILS consist of protonated cations of large organic bases, e.g. imidazole 33 40 Principally, the PILs can be either absorbed by a porous matrix (analogous to phosphoric acid in PAFCs) or immobilized in a (polymer) membrane (application in PEFCs).…”

Section: Journal Of the Electrochemical Society 163 (2) F25-f37 (2016)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

2-Sulfoethylammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate as an Ionic Liquid for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Wippermann

Wackerl

Lehnert

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Tafel Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC).-High temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) are currently based on phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole-type membranes (PBI) and are operated in a temperature range of 120-180• C. HT-PEFCs have several advantages over low temperature PEFCs, such as: easier water and heat management, the possibility of recovering high-grade waste heat, a more compact cooling system and a higher CO tolerance by the anode catalyst.However, a major drawback of HT-PEFCs is the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in the presence of phosphoric acid. This is primarily caused by three effects: (i) The inhibition effect of phosphoric acid on the ORR because of the poisoning of the Pt catalyst due to the adsorption of the H 3 PO 4 species onto active catalyst sites. (ii) The low solubility of oxygen in phosphoric acid. (iii) The slow diffusion of oxygen through the film of phosphoric acid which covers the platinum catalyst.The adsorption of phosphate by platinum has been studied for more than 30 years 1-15 by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), [2][3][4][5]9,[11][12][13][14][16][17][18][19][20][21] rotating disc electrode measurements (RDE), [2][3][4][5]8,9,11,13,14 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), 13,16,22 transient measurements, 9,23,24 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 20,25-27 electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), 18 radio tracer experiments, 28 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 17 and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). 14,15 The in-operando XAS measurements recently published by Kaserer et al. show the adsorption behavior of H 3 PO 4 species on Pt/C fuel cell cathode catalysts in the temperature range of 50-170• C under the operating conditions of an HT-PEFC. 15In diluted aqueous solutions and at moderate temperatures, sulphuric acid and sulfonic acids like methanesulfonic acid (MSA) or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid, TFMSA) have been found to be less poisonous than phosphoric acid because sulfonate groups are less strongly adsorbed on Pt. 3,29,30 For example, Zelenay et al.,29 in a comparative study of phosphoric acid and TFMSA, showed that * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: k.wippermann@fz-juelich.de 0.02 M TFMSA is indeed less strongly adsorbed by comparison to 0.02 M phosphoric acid at room temperature. However, the free space available for oxygen reduction is found to be similar at elevated temperatures and for concentrated solutions. 29 Under these conditions, the advantage of TFMSA lies in its higher oxygen solubility and diffusivity rather than its poisoning effect. 29 Although this result cannot be generalized, it still indicates the importance of oxygen solubility and the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the electrolyte being used. Proton conducting ionic liquids (PIL).-With respect to alternative electrolytes for HT-PEFCs, proton-conducting ionic liquids (PILs) appear to be suitable, as they do not rely on solvents like water. Moreover...

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Section: Journal Of the Electrochemical Society 163 (2) F25-f37 (2016)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Journal Of the Electrochemical Society 163 (2) F25-f37 (2016)mentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Sulfoethylammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate as an Ionic Liquid for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Wippermann

Wackerl

Lehnert

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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show abstract

“…6). 45,60,[63][64][65] The obtained polymer electrolyte membranes are mechanically reliable even at a high doping of [dema][TfO], making it possible to construct polymer electrolyte fuel cells that can operate under non-humidified conditions and at temperatures greater than 100°C. 64 The maximum current density and maximum power density of these fuel cells reach 400 mA cm ¹2 and 150 mW cm ¹2 , respectively, at 120°C under non-humidified conditions.…”

confidence: 99%

Design and Materialization of Ionic Liquids Based on an Understanding of Their Fundamental Properties

Watanabe

2016

Electrochemistry

Self Cite

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are defined as salts that have melting points lower than 100°C. Most are organic salts, and these may be designed and tailored to have suitable properties. ILs are recognized as a third group of solvents (and electrolytes), after water and organic solvents. They are characterized by their unique properties such as nonvolatilities, high thermal stabilities, and high ionic conductivities. In this article, our work on the design and preparation of ILs is briefly reviewed. The concept of ionicity is proposed as a metric to characterize the basic nature (dissociativity) of ILs, which is affected by the Lewis acidity/basicity of cations/anions (i.e., coulombic interactions), the directionality of interactions between cations and anions, and van der Waals interactions between ions. The ionicity of ILs is dominated by a subtle balance between coulombic and van der Waals interactions, which clearly discriminates ILs from conventional high-temperature inorganic molten salts. Here, the design of protic ILs for fuel cell electrolytes, electron-transporting ILs for dye-sensitized solar cell electrolytes, and Li + -conducting solvate ILs for lithium battery electrolytes are discussed based on an understanding of the fundamental properties of ILs. Furthermore, the combination of ILs with polymers and colloidal particles affords intriguing quasi-solid materials (ion gels), and the ion transport in these gels is decoupled from the mechanical relaxation time of these materials, yielding new solid electrolytes. The possibility of temperature and photo-sensitive solubility dependence of polymers in ILs allows the creation of stimuli-responsive materials. Finally, protic ILs/protic salts are demonstrated to be good precursors for N-doped carbon materials.

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“…Ionic liquids like BMIMBF 4 or BMIMPF 6 and PyBF 4 were also mixed with organic solvents for the use of batteries such as butyrolactone and acetonitrile (Diaw et al, 2005). In recently studies (Lee et al, 2010), Lithium salt (LiBF 4 or LiPF 6 ) was added to the ionic liquids mixtures for possible application in the field of energy storage (batteries or supercapacitors), electrolytes are stable toward oxidation and exhibit a vitreous phase transition. RTILs have also been widely used in fuel cells.…”

Section: Batteries and Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids for the Future Electrochemical Applications

Liu¹,

Pan²

2011

Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives

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Fabrication of protic ionic liquid/sulfonated polyimide composite membranes for non-humidified fuel cells

Cited by 155 publications

References 36 publications

2-Sulfoethylammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate as an Ionic Liquid for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

2-Sulfoethylammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate as an Ionic Liquid for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Design and Materialization of Ionic Liquids Based on an Understanding of Their Fundamental Properties

Ionic Liquids for the Future Electrochemical Applications

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