Fabrication of planar dielectric waveguides with high optical damage threshold

Herrmann, P.; Wildmann, D.

doi:10.1109/jqe.1983.1071814

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A waveguide is not itself an integrated-optical device, and in order to determine the effective refractive indices N some way of coupling light from an external beam into the waveguide is needed (Tien, 1977). For this, a grating coupler is very convenient, especially since the problem of fabricating low-cost, high resolution gratings was solved (Herrmann & Wildmann, 1983 ;Lukosz & Tiefenthaler, 1983 ;Heuberger & Lukosz, 1986). The grating is an integral part of the waveguide, to which it allows unencumbered access by proteins.…”

Section: Integrated Optics (10)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods for investigating protein adsorption kinetics at surfaces

Ramsden¹

1994

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

177

131

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The adsorption of proteins at the solid-liquid interface is a process of fundamental importance in nature. Extensive reviews (MacRitchie, 1978; Andrade & Hlady, 1986; Norde, 1986) testify to the strong interest which has been shown in the problem during the past few decades. Norde & Lyklema (1978) have rightly pointed out that protein adsorption is scientifically intriguing; the phenomenology is complicated and includes many presently apparently irreconcilable observations.

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Section: Integrated Optics (10)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods for investigating protein adsorption kinetics at surfaces

Ramsden¹

1994

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

177

131

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“…Typical photonic structures used in sensing applications include planar waveguides, capillary sensors, and arrays (Borisov and Wolfbeis, 2008;Wolfbeis, 1991). While these optical sensing components have traditionally been fabricated with inorganic materials such as silica, lithium niobate, and other semiconductors and glasses (Herrmann and Wildmann, 1983), polymeric materials are becoming increasingly popular due to simple fabrication, flexible mechanical properties, and lower costs. Additionally, the moldable nature of polymers makes it possible to fabricate optically relevant nanostructured materials such as diffractive structures, while enabling the use of varied substrates and better control of film thickness and size (Chen, 1993;Ma et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile fabrication of gelatin‐based biopolymeric optical waveguides

Manocchi

Domachuk

Omenetto

et al. 2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

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The rapid development in optical detection techniques for sensing applications has led to an increased need for biocompatible, biodegradable, and disposable optical components. We present a controllable fabrication technique for an entirely biopolymeric planar optical waveguide via simple spin-coating. The refractive index difference, thermal responsive properties, and inherent biocompatibility of gelatin and agarose were exploited in the fabrication of thin, stacked films that efficiently guide light in a core layer with higher index of refraction. These planar waveguides were fabricated using a simple spin-coating technique, which resulted in controllable layer thicknesses and smooth layer interfaces. This technique, therefore, offers a path for routine engineering of biopolymer structures with contrasting refractive indices. The thermal stability of the gelatin core layer was improved using two crosslinkers; glutaraldehyde or microbial Transglutaminase. Light guiding in the core layer of the waveguide was demonstrated using a simple He-Ne laser setup. Guiding efficiency was further illustrated by directly embedding fluorescent markers within the core layer and detecting their spectral signature. Combined with the biopolymers' inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, our simple strategy to fabricate disposable optical components holds the potential for the development of applications in biological sensing and implantable biomedical devices.

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“…Work in this area was originally performed on thin planar guides in TiO -SiO [47]- [50]. Buried channel guides have been formed by densification using an infrared (IR) laser [51]- [54] and by ultraviolet (UV) exposure of silica hybridized with a photopolymerizable organic [55], [56].…”

Section: Sol-gel Silica-on-siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thick layers of silicate glasses can be formed as multilayers by repetitive use of spin-coating and rapid thermal annealing (SC-RTA), with careful control of the annealing temperature [47]. These layers may then be formed into buried channel guides by reactive ion etching and burial [60], [61].…”

Section: Sol-gel Silica-on-siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-gel silica-on-silicon buried-channel EDWAs

Huang

Syms

2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Silica-on-silicon erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) fabricated by the sol-gel route are demonstrated. The preparation of stable sols is first described, with emphasis on identifying chemical routes that allow the incorporation of sufficient concentration of erbium without precipitation or gelation. Erbium-doped glasses containing various codopants, such as phosphorus, aluminum, germanium and ytterbium are formed and used in the construction of buried channel guide EDWAs. A range of optical measurements is presented, and the effects of the dopants in eliminating erbium ion quenching and improving pumping efficiency are evaluated. The best material system-Er/Yb codoped aluminophosphosilicate glass-has low background loss and a net gain of 1.1 dB/cm.

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Fabrication of planar dielectric waveguides with high optical damage threshold

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Experimental methods for investigating protein adsorption kinetics at surfaces

Experimental methods for investigating protein adsorption kinetics at surfaces

Facile fabrication of gelatin‐based biopolymeric optical waveguides

Sol-gel silica-on-silicon buried-channel EDWAs

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