Fabrication of optical strip waveguides with nearly circular cross section by silver ion migration technique

Viljanen, J.; Leppihalme, M.

doi:10.1063/1.328205

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…By the pertubation method in WKB approximation, we can get the coupling length for the m-th mode (1) Here L m is given by (A7) and can be interpreted as the By the pertubation method in WKB approximation, we can get the coupling length for the m-th mode (1) Here L m is given by (A7) and can be interpreted as the…”

Section: Coupling Length Of a Prism Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prism Excitation of Highly Multimode Deep Planar Waveguides

Čtyroký¹,

Janta²,

Schröfel³

1983

Journal of Optical Communications

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The period-of-propagation length concept for guided modes in planar waveguides is used to derive a simple expression for the coupling length of prism coupler. It is shown that the prism coupling strength for deep multimode waveguides strongly depends on the shape of the refractive index profile as well as-except for the linear profile -on the mode order.Further it is shown that for multimode waveguides simultaneous excitation of several guided modes is typical. Arising interference effects at the waveguide surface are explained and illustrated by experimental results obtained with ion-exchanged waveguides in glass.

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Section: Coupling Length Of a Prism Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During last years, there has been growing interest in highly multimode graded-index waveguides in glass substrates with small index increase on the surface [1,2]. It is mostly due to their potential use in waveguide devices compatible with multimode fiber-optical communication systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prism Excitation of Highly Multimode Deep Planar Waveguides

Čtyroký¹,

Janta²,

Schröfel³

1983

Journal of Optical Communications

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“…These elements cooperate with fiber waveguides. Hence the need to optimize the distribution of refraction of channel waveguides in terms of minimizing the loss of optical power at their connections with fiber waveguides [52,53]. In addition to the passive elements of planar optics, the laser structures and optical amplifiers can also be produced by the ion exchange method.…”

Section: Applications Of Producing Gradient Refractive Index In Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producibility of the ion-exchange method in manufacturing gradient refractive index in glass

Rogoziński¹

2014

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper presents the technological aspect of application of the ion exchange method in producing gradient refractive index in glass. The possibility of predictable and repeatable producing of the changes in glass refraction with the use of this method has been presented, as well as the method of in situ control of the process of diffusion doping of glass based on the measurement of the temperature. This method is based on simultaneous (to the carried process) solving the nonlinear diffusion equation modeling the spatio-temporal changes in normalized concentration of the admixture ions in glass. For this purpose the knowledge of temperature characteristics of diffusion coefficients of exchanged ions is used. The result of such control of diffusion processes is information on the current (temporary) refractive index profile of the resulting waveguide. The presented method of control has been confirmed by experimental results, which concern modeling and measurements of planar waveguide structures of slab type. The proposed methodology can also be used to control the diffusion processes of producing another type of two-and three-dimensional gradient structures. According to the author's knowledge the method mentioned above has not been described in literature before.

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“…Nearly circular strip waveguides were demonstrated by Viljanen and Leppihalme using such a "dry" process along with thermal annealing. 28 Targeting multimode waveguides also brought added interest in field-assisted fabrication processes, which could provide almost step-index profiles. Subsequent work by Lilienhof et al showed that profile shapes were primarily determined by the electric field distribution in glass.…”

Section: Early Years Of Ion-exchanged Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Figure 1(b) illustrates the field-assisted ion migration from a molten salt at the anode side. 21 Figure 1(c) is the field-assisted migration from a metal thin film source; 28 the thin film may be deposited on top of a patterned mask, or it can be directly patterned onto the glass surface. Figure 1(d) shows a field-assisted migration process, combining a patterned metal film with molten salt source at the anode surface; 45,46 this can be used as a one-step process for producing buried waveguides, for after the metal film source has been consumed, this will directly continue as a field-assisted burial, similar to configuration [ Fig.…”

Section: Waveguide Fabrication Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review

2011

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Abstract. We review the history and current status of ion exchanged glass waveguide technology. The background of ion exchange in glass and key developments in the first years of research are briefly described. An overview of fabrication, characterization and modeling of waveguides is given and the most important waveguide devices and their applications are discussed. Ion exchanged waveguide technology has served as an available platform for studies of general waveguide properties, integrated optics structures and devices, as well as applications. It is also a commercial fabrication technology for both passive and active waveguide components. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Fabrication of optical strip waveguides with nearly circular cross section by silver ion migration technique

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Prism Excitation of Highly Multimode Deep Planar Waveguides

Prism Excitation of Highly Multimode Deep Planar Waveguides

Producibility of the ion-exchange method in manufacturing gradient refractive index in glass

Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review

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