“…To date, many electrochemical platforms are widely used to immobilize antibodies for construction of the immunosensor, including redox hydrogel (Li and Ma, 2017 ; Tang et al, 2017 ), CuPdPt nanowire networks (Wen et al, 2018 ), AuPd NP-multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) composite/ferrocenecarboxaldehyde/chitosan hybrid hydrogel (Yin et al, 2018 ), AgPt nanorings supported on rGO (Wang et al, 2018 ), and high quality graphene oxide (GO) (Jumpathong et al, 2016 ; Norfun et al, 2016 , 2017 ). In addition, metals and metal oxides decorated on CNTs, rGO, and GO as efficient electrocatalysts are employed for uses in the non-enzymatic detections (Dhara et al, 2014 ; Hoa et al, 2015 ; Ngo et al, 2017 ; Jeong et al, 2018 ; Tran et al, 2018 ; Dilmac and Guler, 2020 ). Among these nanocarbons, low-cost GO and rGO attracted more interest because of its large electrochemical active surface area, oxygenic functional groups in complexation with metal ions/metal NPs (redox probes) and in the immobilization of the active antibodies, and good electrical conductivity (Wu et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Sridhar and Park, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Barman et al, 2020 ).…”