Fabrication of low-loss Rb-exchanged ridge waveguides in z-cut KTiOPO_4

Völk, Martin; Rüter, Christian E.; Santandrea, Matteo; Eigner, Christof; Padberg, Laura; Herrmann, Harald; Silberhorn, Christine; Kip, Detlef

doi:10.1364/ome.8.000082

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…By optimizing the dicing parameters, such as the blade type and its rotation velocity, the roughness of the waveguide sidewall can be lowered, thereby reducing the propagation loss of the fabricated ridge waveguide. [43] In addition, reduction of the waveguide side-wall roughness can be also realized using ion beam milling. [44] The frequency doubling efficiency will be improved if waveguide losses are optimized, and a selffrequency-doubling effect can be expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second harmonic generation from precise diamond blade diced ridge waveguides

Pang

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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In this work, carbon ion irradiation and precise diamond blade dicing are applied for Nd:GdCOB ridge waveguide fabrication. The propagation properties of the fabricated Nd:GdCOB waveguides are investigated through experiments and theoretical analysis. The micro-Raman analysis reveals that the lattice of Nd:GdCOB crystal expands during the irradiation process. The micro-second harmonic spectroscopic analysis suggests that the original nonlinear properties of the Nd:GdCOB crystal are greatly enhanced within the waveguide volume. Under a pulsed 1064-nm laser pumping, second harmonic generation (SHG) at 532 nm have been achieved in the fabricated waveguides. The maximum SHG conversion efficiencies are determined to be ~8.32%W-1 and ~22.36%W-1 for planar and ridge waveguides, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second harmonic generation from precise diamond blade diced ridge waveguides

Pang

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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“…Ridge waveguides offer a high mode confinement due to the substrate air boundaries, but the losses are rather high. They were measured to be not lower than 1.3dB/cm [8]. The most promising up-to-date technology makes use of rubidium exchanged channel waveguides, as they have shown remarkably low losses of 0.67 dB/cm [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several techniques have been used to produce waveguides in KTP, e.g. ion-exchange [7], ridge waveguides [8,9] or laser writing [10]. Ridge waveguides offer a high mode confinement due to the substrate air boundaries, but the losses are rather high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of nonlinear diffusion in KTP waveguides

Padberg¹,

Santandrea²,

Rüsing³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Integrated χ (2) devices are a widespread tool for the generation and manipulation of light fields, since they exhibit high efficiency, small footprint and the ability to interface them with fibre networks. Surprisingly many things are not fully understood until now, in particular the fabrication of structures in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP). A thorough understanding of the fabrication process and analysis of spatial properties is crucial for the realization and the engineering of high efficiency devices for quantum applications. In this paper we present our studies on rubidium-exchanged waveguides fabricated in KTP. Employing energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), we analysed a set of waveguides fabricated with different production parameters in terms of time and temperature. We find that the waveguide depth is dependent on their widths by reconstructing the waveguide depth profiles. Narrower waveguides are deeper, contrary to the theoretical model usually employed. Moreover, we found that the variation of the penetration depth with the waveguide width is stronger at higher temperatures and times. We attribute this behaviour to stress-induced variation in the diffusion process.

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“…Understanding fabrication imperfections and tolerances is not an area of research specifically for nonlinear generation in PPLN. Recent advancements in periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) waveguides typically utilise rubidium indiffused and ultra-precision dicing to fabricate nonlinear optical waveguides [8], [9], in a similar fashion to waveguides presented in this letter. Development of a method to provide feedback in the early stages of waveguide fabrication, to identify which processing step is a limiting factor, is the key purpose of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of PPLN Waveguide Uniformity via Second Harmonic Generation Spectra

Gray

Berry

Carpenter

et al. 2020

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Experimental data collection methods and a corresponding numerical model are presented to investigate the quality of waveguide fabrication in nonlinear optics. The method utilises white light interferometry and standard image recognition techniques to calculate a waveguide propagation constant function. This enables comparison of a numerical second harmonic spectrum in quasi-phasematched materials, such as periodically poled lithium niobate, with the waveguide's experimental phasematching spectrum. Using the presented method, a 3 rd order polynomial fit to waveguide ridge width is demonstrated to be in good agreement with experimental phasematching spectra. The presented technique provides a nondestructive route to discriminate between issues in fabrication steps in nonlinear waveguide design. Index Terms-

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Fabrication of low-loss Rb-exchanged ridge waveguides in z-cut KTiOPO_4

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Second harmonic generation from precise diamond blade diced ridge waveguides

Second harmonic generation from precise diamond blade diced ridge waveguides

Evidence of nonlinear diffusion in KTP waveguides

Investigation of PPLN Waveguide Uniformity via Second Harmonic Generation Spectra

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