Fabrication of Hierarchical Micro/Nano Compound Eyes

Wang, Wenjun; Li, Jiang; Li, Rongheng; Li, Benqiang; Mei, Xuesong; Sun, Xuefeng

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b13355

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most of the reported ACE either suffered from low transmittance or were transparent with high surface adhesion. Specifically, the static CA greatly increased or the surface adhesion was significantly reduced compared with the ACE having comparable transmittance (over 80% in the visible range). For the ACE with similar surface nonwetting performance, the transmittance in the present work was much higher than that in the reported work (below 70%). ,− Regarding the optical performance, the imaging and focusing of the microlenses were mainly determined by their morphology and size.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Superhydrophobic Artificial Compound Eye with High Transparency

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Natural compound eyes have inspired the development of self-cleaning, waterproof, and antifog optical devices. However, the traditional methods generally sacrifice the transparency of optical units to introduce hydrophobicity, which significantly limits the practical applications of state-of-the-art hydrophobic technologies. This work aims to fabricate a microimaging system by combining photolithography, inkjet printing, and chemical growth. Herein, an artificial compound eye (ACE) is endowed with stable superhydrophobicity and high transparency without affecting its optical performance. The obtained ACE system possesses good static and dynamic dewetting properties along with excellent optical performance. Its static contact angle exceeds 160°, whereas the sliding angle and contact angle hysteresis values are ∼5.5°and ∼3.8°, respectively. Furthermore, the contact time is found to be 11.97 s for the Weber number of 12. The droplet undergoes a reversible process during compressing and stretching, and the ACE exhibits no adhesion under a pressure load of 4 mN. This proves that the introduction of nonwetting nanohairs on the sidewalls of the microcone arrays significantly improves the dynamic dewetting of the system. More importantly, the properly designed position of nanohairs ensures that the optical performance of ACE is maintained at a level of ∼95% compared to that of the bare glass. The superhydrophobic ACE exhibits low adhesion and great transparency. This rationally designed ACE may provide useful guidelines for fabrication of superhydrophobic optical devices with high transparency and enable potential applications in military, medical, and some outdoor activity fields.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Superhydrophobic Artificial Compound Eye with High Transparency

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Self Cite

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“…The ultrasmooth surfaces of 3-D nanostructures are beneficial for constructing optical and biological nanodevices, which often require low surface roughness to minimize the optical loss in nanophotonics such as whispering-gallery-mode resonators [32] and hierarchical micro/nano-compound eyes. [33] A recently published work also demonstrated 3D nanostructure fabrication using focused helium ion beams. [18] However, in this recent work, 3D nanostructures were made of photoresists such as HSQ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐D Nanofabrication of Silicon and Nanostructure Fine‐Tuning via Helium Ion Implantation

Wen

Mao

2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Despite the continued scaling down of semiconductor manufacturing, traditional lithography‐based nanofabrication only produces thin film structures, not 3‐D shapes. 3‐D nanofabrication remains a major challenge, especially for semiconductor materials. Most 3‐D nanofabrication techniques, such as two‐photon printing and stereolithography, mostly work for polymer materials, not solid‐state semiconductor materials. Here, a method capable of fabricating sophisticated 3‐D nanostructures of silicon based on the subsurface swelling phenomenon using focused helium ion swelling is reported. Silicon nanosphere arrays, hierarchical nanospheres mimicking compound lenses, nano‐Taichi symbols, three‐layer nanotowers, and nanopumpkins have been demonstrated, which are challenging for existing nanofabrication technology. The produced silicon nanostructures exhibit super small surface roughness as small as 0.1 nm, two orders of magnitude better than existing 3‐D nanofabrication technologies normally above 10 nm. The super small surface roughness opens doors for many exciting applications in photonics, indicating small photon losses. Moreover, it is demonstrated ultraprecise fine‐tuning of critical dimensions of ready‐made nanostructures or nanodevices, such as tuning the tilting angle of the tip on the atomic force microscopy probe and reducing the nanogap between two metal electrodes from 200 to 4 nm, which is promising for improving nanodevice performances by tuning the critical dimensions to desired ranges.

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“…As a low-cost commercial nanomodule with tunable diameter, polystyrene (PS) nanospheres have been widely used in the fabrication of photonic crystals and sacrificial templates for antireflective microstructures [ 20 ], low-temperature gas sensors [ 21 ], photodetectors [ 22 ] and electromagnetic absorption [ 23 ]. However, most previous studies mainly focused on hexagonal stacking of PS nanospheres on flat substrates, while few studies concentrated on the assembly of nanospheres on curved microarchitectures, which may limit their applications in the fabrication of biomimetic compound eyes [ 24 , 25 ] and micro/nanorobots [ 26 ]. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a highly efficient assembly method for the formation of conformal nanostructures on various curved microarchitectures, especially for convex and concave surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformal Self-Assembly of Nanospheres for Light-Enhanced Airtightness Monitoring and Room-Temperature Gas Sensing

et al. 2021

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The fabrication of conformal nanostructures on microarchitectures is of great significance for diverse applications. Here a facile and universal method was developed for conformal self-assembly of nanospheres on various substrates including convex bumps and concave holes. Hydrophobic microarchitectures could be transferred into superhydrophilic ones using plasma treatment due to the formation of numerous hydroxyl groups. Because of superhydrophilicity, the nanosphere suspension spread on the microarchitectures quickly and conformal self-assembly of nanospheres can be realized. Besides, the feature size of the conformal nanospheres on the substrates could be further regulated by plasma treatment. After transferring two-dimensional tungsten disulfide sheets onto the conformal nanospheres, the periodic nanosphere array was demonstrated to be able to enhance the light harvesting of WS2. Based on this, a light-enhanced room-temperature gas sensor with a fast recovery speed (<35 s) and low detecting limit (500 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the WS2-covered nanospheres on the microarchitectures were very sensitive to the changes in air pressure due to the formation of suspended sheets on the convex bumps and concave holes. A sensitive photoelectronic pressure sensor that was capable of detecting the airtightness of vacuum devices was developed using the WS2-decorated hierarchical architectures. This work provides a simple method for the fabrication of conformal nanospheres on arbitrary substrates, which is promising for three-dimensional microfabrication of multifunctional hierarchical microarchitectures for diverse applications, such as biomimetic compound eyes, smart wetting surfaces and photonic crystals.

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Fabrication of Hierarchical Micro/Nano Compound Eyes

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Superhydrophobic Artificial Compound Eye with High Transparency

Superhydrophobic Artificial Compound Eye with High Transparency

3‐D Nanofabrication of Silicon and Nanostructure Fine‐Tuning via Helium Ion Implantation

Conformal Self-Assembly of Nanospheres for Light-Enhanced Airtightness Monitoring and Room-Temperature Gas Sensing

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