Fabrication of gelatin–hyaluronic acid hybrid scaffolds with tunable porous structures for soft tissue engineering

Optimized Hyaluronic Acid–Hydrogel Design and Culture Conditions for Preservation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Properties

“…26,27 It has been reported that fibroblasts cultured in HA-only hydrogel slightly adhere and do not survive. 28 In the aim to enhance cell attachment and spreading in HA hydrogel, many approaches have been used, such as addition RGD peptides or ECM proteins such as collagen, gelatin, and fibronectin to HA-hydrogel increase cell adhesion, 27,[29][30][31] and cell proliferation could also be facilitated in these hybrid scaffolds 28,32 Also, a high cell density required to support MSC survival in hydrogel could probably be explained by cell-cell interactions involving several surface receptors, autocrine, and paracrine factor synthesis, as it has previously been reported for other stem cells. 33,34 The morphology of MSCs encapsulated in the 3D scaffold was dependent on the hydrogel composition.…”

How can genipin assist gelatin/carbohydrate chitosan scaffolds to act as replacements of load-bearing soft tissues?

“…Also, genipin cross-linked samples became purple, and by increasing the genipin concentration the samples approached to dark blue. As an important note, the architecture of the scaffolds plays a key role that can trigger biological response and eventually determine the success of tissue-engineered constructs (Zhang et al, 2011). Fig.…”

“…Although the optimal scaffold pore size for successful tissue healing is controversy, it seems that the scaffold pore sizes of around 100-400 m are adequate in a wide range of tissue engineering application (Cooper, Lu, Ko, Freeman, & Laurencin, 2005;Lee, 2005;Zhang et al, 2011). In addition, a minimum pore size of 150 m is proposed for hard tissue and 200-250 m for soft tissue ingrowth (Lee, 2005).…”

Leveraging “Raw Materials” as Building Blocks and Bioactive Signals in Regenerative Medicine

“…Freeze drying is a common fabrication method to form composite porous matrices containing HA and other materials for tissue engineering constructs. 66 75 assembled highly macroporous composite scaffolds of HA and gelatin for soft tissue engineering applications using a freeze drying technique (Table 5). It is also important to note that HA must be utilized in relatively low concentrations to avoid limited cell adhesion that can occur at higher concentrations due to its negative charge.…”