How can genipin assist gelatin/carbohydrate chitosan scaffolds to act as replacements of load-bearing soft tissues?

Sarem, Melika; Moztarzadeh, F.; Mozafari, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.099

Cited by 64 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Cellulose bers were dispersed in distilled water at a concentration of 2 wt% using a mechanical blender, Silverson L4RT (England), at 6000 rpm for 15 min. Then, the suspension was ground using an ultra-ne grinder, MKCA 6-3 from Masuko (Tokyo, Japan) to obtain nanobers (CNF), following the procedure reported by Mathew et al 9 As the pore structure required for the cartilage application is in micron scale range, 4,13,23,24 the brillation process was aimed towards obtaining relatively coarser brils as they are expected to give larger pore sizes for the scaffold compared to their ner counterparts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2d and e) show at and layered structures and resemble self-assembly behaviour similar to that of pure gelatin, as previously found in literature. 13,25 As the matrix content increased, smoother and thicker wall structures and fewer pores were observed, which was not considered favorable for the pore sizes required for cartilage applications.…”

Section: Morphology and Pore Structure Of Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a blend of these polymers absorbs water and forms a hydrogel whereby allowing uid to be retained in the scaffold structure leading to a higher compression modulus similar to natural so tissue. 4,13,17,18 A recent study on chitosan/gelatin blends with random and aligned pore structures prepared with a freezedrying process showed a compression modulus in the range of 5 kPa (for randomly aligned scaffolds) to 30 kPa (in the vertical direction of the aligned scaffold), when tested at 37 C aer conditioning in PBS medium.…”

Section: 14-16mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Typically, the tailoring of scaffold porosity with pore sizes in the range of 200-300 mm is considered a benchmark for cartilage regeneration. 4,13 Such porous scaffolds can be prepared using many different processes, such as freeze-drying, CO 2 foaming, electrospinning or cryogelation, with a wide variety of polymers as found in literature.…”

Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compression is the preferred mode of mechanical testing for cartilage materials because the role of natural cartilage is to bear loads in compression 1,13 (see ESI for the representative load displacement curves, S2 †). In dry conditions and at 37 C (Fig.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3-Dimensional porous nanocomposite scaffolds based on cellulose nanofibers for cartilage tissue engineering: tailoring of porosity and mechanical performance

et al. 2016

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Fully bio-based 3-dimensional porous scaffolds based on freeze-dried cellulose nanofibers (70-90 wt%) stabilized using a genipin crosslinked matrix of gelatin and chitosan were prepared. Morphology studies using scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffolds have interconnected pores with average pore diameters of 75-200 mm and nanoscaled pore wall roughness, both favorable for cell interactions with cartilage repair. X-ray tomography confirmed the 3-dimensional homogeneity and interconnectivity of the pores as well as the fibrillar structure of the scaffolds. The compression modulus of the scaffolds (1-3 MPa) at room conditions was higher than natural cartilage (z1 MPa). The lowered compression modulus of 10-60 kPa in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 C was considered favorable for chondrogenesis. The current study therefore successfully addressed the challenge of tailoring the pore structure and mechanical properties simultaneously for cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, the scaffolds' high porosity (z95%), high PBS uptake and good cytocompatibility towards chondrocytes are considered beneficial for cell attachment and extracellular matrix (ECM) production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology and Pore Structure Of Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 14-16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3-Dimensional porous nanocomposite scaffolds based on cellulose nanofibers for cartilage tissue engineering: tailoring of porosity and mechanical performance

et al. 2016

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Development of fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano β‐TCP composite scaffolds with improved cell supportive property for bone tissue regeneration

Siddiqui

Pramanik

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve cell supportive property of chitosan/nano beta tri-calcium phosphate (b-TCP) composite scaffolds by modification of scaffold surface with fibrin using ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide (EDC) as crosslinking agent. The developed fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano b-TCP composite scaffolds possess desired pore size and porosity in the range of 45-151 mm and 81.4 6 4.1%, respectively. No significant change in compressive strength of scaffolds was observed before and after fibrin conjugation. The calculated compressive strength of fibrin conjugated and non-conjugated chitosan/nano b-TCP scaffolds are 2.71 6 0.14 MPa and 2.67 6 0.11 MPa, respectively. Results of cell culture study have further shown an enhanced cell attachment, cell number, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization on fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano b-TCP scaffold. The uniform cell distribution over the scaffold surface and cell infiltration into the scaffold pores were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, higher expression of osteogenic specific genes such as bone sialo protein, osteonectin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin (OC) on fibrin conjugated scaffolds was observed when compared to scaffolds without fibrin. Altogether, results indicate the potentiality of developed fibrin conjugated composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

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The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin–collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds

Shabafrooz

Mozafari

Köhler

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The creation of engineered intestinal tissue has recently stimulated new endeavors with the ultimate goal of intestinal replacement for massive resections of bowel. In this context, we investigated the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the physicochemical characteristics of gelatin-collagen scaffolds and its cytocompatibilty to the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line in vitro. Gelatin/collagen hybrid scaffolds with different concentrations of HA were prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying techniques and subsequent chemical crosslinking by genipin. The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro tests were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution to study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the scaffolds. It was found that the porous structure of the scaffolds could be tailored by further addition of HA. Moreover, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the scaffold increased by addition of HA. A resazurin-based cell viability assay was employed to determine the viability and estimate the number of scaffold-adherent Caco-2 cells. The assay indicated that the scaffolds were all cytocompatible. We concluded that addition of less than 15% HA to scaffolds with a composition of 9:1 gelatin:collagen results only in incremental improvement in the structural characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gelatin-collagen scaffolds. However, the scaffolds with 25% HA exhibited remarkable enhancement in physicochemical characteristics of the scaffolds including cell viability, growth, and attachment as well as their physical structure.

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How can genipin assist gelatin/carbohydrate chitosan scaffolds to act as replacements of load-bearing soft tissues?

Cited by 64 publications

References 49 publications

3-Dimensional porous nanocomposite scaffolds based on cellulose nanofibers for cartilage tissue engineering: tailoring of porosity and mechanical performance

3-Dimensional porous nanocomposite scaffolds based on cellulose nanofibers for cartilage tissue engineering: tailoring of porosity and mechanical performance

Development of fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano β‐TCP composite scaffolds with improved cell supportive property for bone tissue regeneration

The effect of hyaluronic acid on biofunctionality of gelatin–collagen intestine tissue engineering scaffolds

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