Fabrication of Fe2TiO5/TiO2 binary nanocomposite from natural ilmenite and their photocatalytic activity under solar energy

Thambiliyagodage, Charitha; Mirihana, Shanitha; Wijesekera, Ramanee; Madusanka, H. T. D. S.; Kandanapitiye, Murthi S.; Bakker, Martin G.

doi:10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100156

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Peaks at 458.97, 464.66, and 472.19 eV corresponded to the 2p 3/2 , 2p 1/2 , and satellite peak of 2p 3/2 of Ti 4+ in the TiO 2 lattice, respectively. 20 , 74 The satellite peak was due to a sudden change in Coulombic potential as the photo ejected electron passed through the valence band. 75 Figure 6 b shows the high-resolution spectrum of Ti 2p of TF-800 with peaks at 458.48 and 464.15 eV corresponding to the 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 of Ti 4+ in the TiO 2 lattice, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of TiO₂ Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂-Rutile/TiO₂-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

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High-purity (98.8%, TiO 2 ) rutile nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using ilmenite sand as the initial titanium source. This novel synthesis method was cost-effective and straightforward due to the absence of the traditional gravity, magnetic, electrostatic separation, ball milling, and smelting processes. Synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles were 99% pure. Also, highly corrosive environmentally hazardous acid leachate generated during the leaching process of ilmenite sand was effectively converted into a highly efficient visible light active photocatalyst. The prepared photocatalyst system consists of anatase-TiO 2 /rutile-TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 (TF-800), rutile-TiO 2 /Fe 2 TiO 5 (TFTO-800), and anatase-TiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 (TF-450) nanocomposites, respectively. The pseudo-second-order adsorption rate of the TF-800 ternary nanocomposite was 0.126 g mg –1 min –1 in dark conditions, and a 0.044 min –1 visible light initial photodegradation rate was exhibited. The TFTO-800 binary nanocomposite adsorbed methylene blue (MB) following pseudo-second-order adsorption (0.224 g mg –1 min –1 ) in the dark, and the rate constant for photodegradation of MB in visible light was 0.006 min –1 . The prepared TF-450 nanocomposite did not display excellent adsorptive and photocatalytic performances throughout the experiment period. The synthesized TF-800 and TFTO-800 were able to degrade 93.1 and 49.8% of a 100 mL, 10 ppm MB dye solution within 180 min, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported in our previous study, Fe 2 TiO 5 /TiO 2 shows a type I band alignment. 74 Therefore, as the CB of TiO 2 lies above the CB of Fe 2 TiO 5 , migration of photo-generated electrons from Fe 2 TiO 5 to TiO 2 would not take place. Hence, electron–hole pair recombination is possible at Fe 2 TiO 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of TiO₂ Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂-Rutile/TiO₂-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

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“…However, heterostructures have been prepared by using natural ilmenite as the raw material and the solution resulted after digestion as the precursor. Thambiliyagodage et al report the synthesis of binary Fe 2 TiO 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposites using only the precursor generated after the digestion of ilmenite [106] and ternary Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 2 TiO 5 /TiO 2 composite using the precursor and externally added iron [107], and they have shown high photocatalytic activity on degradation of methylene blue under sunlight. The rate of photodegradation of methylene blue under sunlight (0.038 min −1 ) in the presence of 2 g/L, Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 2 TiO 5 /TiO 2 is greater than the rate of photodegradation of methylene blue (0.028 min −1 ) under 300 W simulated sunlight in the presence of 1 g/L of the same ternary heterostructure synthesized by Iron nitrate, tetrabutyl titanate and hexamethylenetetramine [108].…”

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confidence: 99%

Leaching of ilmenite to produce titanium based materials: a review

2021

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Naturally available ilmenite mineral is being used as a starting material to produce titanium based products that have wide applications. Transformation of ilmenite to different titanium based materials by strong and weak acid, and base digestion, is discussed. Effects of temperature, concentration of acid/base, reaction time on dissolution of ilmenite are extensively reviewed. Characterization of the starting materials, intermediates and the products by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, brunauer–emmett–teller surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy are presented. Further, advantages and disadvantages associated with the digestion methods are discussed.

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“… 16 Furthermore, preliminary techniques like ball-milling can enhance the dissolution in the above solvents. 17 Ilmenite sand has not been used widely, except to produce TiO 2 as the white color pigment and to fabricate novel photocatalysts including Fe 2 TiO 5 /TiO 2 18 and Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 2 TiO 5 /TiO 2 . 19 Therefore, adding value to ilmenite sand is of great importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity of TiO₂-Fe₃C-Fe-Fe₃O₄/Graphitic Carbon Composites Fabricated by Catalytic Graphitization of Sucrose Using Natural Ilmenite

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Dyes in wastewater are a serious problem that needs to be resolved. Adsorption coupled photocatalysis is an innovative technique used to remove dyes from contaminated water. Novel composites of TiO 2 -Fe 3 C-Fe-Fe 3 O 4 dispersed on graphitic carbon were fabricated using natural ilmenite sand as the source of iron and titanium, and sucrose as the carbon source, which were available at no cost. Synthesized composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy (DRS). Arrangement of nanoribbons of graphitic carbon with respect to the nanomaterials was observed in TEM images, revealing the occurrence of catalytic graphitization. Variations in the intensity ratio ( I D / I G ), L a and L D , calculated from data obtained from Raman spectroscopy suggested that the level of graphitization increased with an increased loading of the catalysts. SEM images show the immobilization of nanoplate microballs and nanoparticles on the graphitic carbon matrix. The catalyst surface consists of Fe 3+ and Ti 4+ as the metal species, with V, Mn, and Zr being the main impurities. According to DRS spectra, the synthesized composites absorb light in the visible region efficiently. Fabricated composites effectively adsorb methylene blue via π–π interactions, with the absorption capacities ranging from 21.18 to 45.87 mg/g. They were effective in photodegrading methylene blue under sunlight, where the rate constants varied in the 0.003–0.007 min –1 range. Photogenerated electrons produced by photocatalysts captured by graphitic carbon produce O 2 •– radicals, while holes generate OH • radicals, which effectively degrade methylene blue molecules. TiO 2 -Fe 3 C-Fe-Fe 3 O 4 /graphitic carbon composites inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (69%) and Staphylococcus aureus (92%) under visible light. Synthesized novel composites using natural materials comprise an ecofriendly, cost-effective solution to remove dyes, and they were effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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Fabrication of Fe2TiO5/TiO2 binary nanocomposite from natural ilmenite and their photocatalytic activity under solar energy

Cited by 27 publications

References 74 publications

Fabrication of TiO₂ Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂-Rutile/TiO₂-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

Fabrication of TiO₂ Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂-Rutile/TiO₂-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

Leaching of ilmenite to produce titanium based materials: a review

Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity of TiO₂-Fe₃C-Fe-Fe₃O₄/Graphitic Carbon Composites Fabricated by Catalytic Graphitization of Sucrose Using Natural Ilmenite

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Fabrication of Fe2TiO5/TiO2 binary nanocomposite from natural ilmenite and their photocatalytic activity under solar energy

Cited by 27 publications

References 74 publications

Fabrication of TiO2 Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe2O3/TiO2-Rutile/TiO2-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

Fabrication of TiO2 Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe2O3/TiO2-Rutile/TiO2-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

Leaching of ilmenite to produce titanium based materials: a review

Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity of TiO2-Fe3C-Fe-Fe3O4/Graphitic Carbon Composites Fabricated by Catalytic Graphitization of Sucrose Using Natural Ilmenite

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Fabrication of TiO₂ Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂-Rutile/TiO₂-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

Fabrication of TiO₂ Spheres and a Visible Light Active α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂-Rutile/TiO₂-Anatase Heterogeneous Photocatalyst from Natural Ilmenite

Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity of TiO₂-Fe₃C-Fe-Fe₃O₄/Graphitic Carbon Composites Fabricated by Catalytic Graphitization of Sucrose Using Natural Ilmenite