Fabrication of a flexible and stretchable three-dimensional conductor based on Au–Ni@graphene coated polyurethane sponge by electroless plating

Han, Fei; Su, Xingyu; Huang, Min; Li, Jinhui; Zhang, Yuan; Zhao, Songfang; Liu, Feng; Zhang, Bo; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Guoping; Sun, Rong; Wong, Ching‐Ping

doi:10.1039/c8tc02413h

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The highly sensitivity (GF value of 3360.09) and fast signal response ability (< 100 ms) make it suitable for wearable electronics. In addition, we also fabricated a highly stretchable electrode by electroless plating technique [ 252 ]. The 3D gold-nickel@graphene coated PU sponge exhibits excellent conductive stability when under 1000 cycles of stretching (up to 30%), bending, and twisting separately.…”

Section: Manufacturing Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials, Electrical Performance, Mechanisms, Applications, and Manufacturing Approaches for Flexible Strain Sensors

Han

Chen

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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With the recent great progress made in flexible and wearable electronic materials, the upcoming next generation of skin-mountable and implantable smart devices holds extensive potential applications for the lifestyle modifying, including personalized health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, soft robots, and implantable biomedical devices. As a core member within the wearable electronics family, flexible strain sensors play an essential role in the structure design and functional optimization. To further enhance the stretchability, flexibility, sensitivity, and electricity performances of the flexible strain sensors, enormous efforts have been done covering the materials design, manufacturing approaches and various applications. Thus, this review summarizes the latest advances in flexible strain sensors over recent years from the material, application, and manufacturing strategies. Firstly, the critical parameters measuring the performances of flexible strain sensors and materials development contains different flexible substrates, new nano- and hybrid- materials are introduced. Then, the developed working mechanisms, theoretical analysis, and computational simulation are presented. Next, based on different material design, diverse applications including human motion detection and health monitoring, soft robotics and human-machine interface, implantable devices, and biomedical applications are highlighted. Finally, synthesis consideration of the massive production industry of flexible strain sensors in the future; different fabrication approaches that are fully expected are classified and discussed.

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Section: Manufacturing Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials, Electrical Performance, Mechanisms, Applications, and Manufacturing Approaches for Flexible Strain Sensors

Han

Chen

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…[ 41,55 ] These secondary fillers can also adjust the strain sensitivity of the composite. [ 32,36 ] Conversely, particulate secondary fillers (e.g., CBs and AgNPs) can also fill the gaps of primary fillers (e.g., CNTs and silver microplates) to reduce junction resistance and increase conductivity [7d,8d] . Some researchers have also bridged the primary fillers using small‐sized metal nanowires (NWs) to achieve the same purpose [7e,56] …”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three methods suitable for different types of matrices: direct mixing, solution mixing, and melt mixing. Direct mixing method requires the matrix (such as silicones or fluorinated polymers) to be liquid at room temperature to disperse conductive fillers by stirring [8d,53,63,64] . This method is simple but requires a suitable filler concentration.…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… [7b,11a,13a] Here, the role of the matrix is to fix the filler network to improve stretchability and mechanical strength of the composite. The filler network can be formed by mixing fibrous fillers like CNTs or metal NWs in the solvent before vacuum infiltration., [7c,8c,69] Another common strategy in the matrix infiltration method is to immerse a conductive sponge or aerogel in the liquid matrix. [ 70 ] Conductive sponge has a loose porous structure, generally prepared by freeze‐drying method [ 71,72 ] or template sponge‐based method [8a,73] .…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 7 ] Using chemical reduction, previous studies have also grown or plated highly conductive secondary fillers like gold and silver on the main fillers to increase their conductivity. [ 8 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid‐Filler Stretchable Conductive Composites: From Fabrication to Application

Yun

Tang

et al. 2021

Small Science

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Stretchable conductive composites (SCCs) are generally elastomer matrices filled with conductive fillers. They combine the conductivity of metals and carbon materials with the flexibility of polymers, which are attractive properties for applications such as stretchable electronics, wearable devices, and flexible sensors. Most conventional conductive composites that are filled with only one type of conductive filler face issues in mechanical and electrical properties. Recently, some studies introduced secondary fillers to create hybrid‐filler SCCs to solve these problems. The secondary fillers produce a synergistic effect with the primary fillers to enhance the electrical conductivity of the composites. They also improve the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties or impart composites with special functions like catalysis and self‐healing. Herein, the fabrication methods, stretchability enhancement strategies, and piezoresistivity of SCCs are analyzed, and their latest applications in stretchable electronics are introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of their development are discussed.

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3D Sponge Electrodes for Soft Wearable Bioelectronics

Lin,

Cheng

2023

Adv Elect Materials

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By definition, a sponge refers to a soft and porous material, which is typically made from cellulose or synthetic polymers. Structurally, it is 3D offering a high surface‐to‐volume ratio; mechanically, it is elastic and durable; economically, it is inexpensive and can be produced at industrial scales. These attributes promote a strong research interest in exploring 3D sponges for applications in absorption, separation, catalysis, and electronics. This work is dedicated to the discussion of the recent progress in design of mechanically deformable sponge electrodes for their application in soft electronics. First, the characteristics and advantages of sponge electrodes are described, which is followed by the discussion of various active materials for fabricating 3D sponge electrodes, including carbon, metal, conductive polymers, MXenes, and their hybrids. Then, the viable fabrication methodologies are reviewed by comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the applications of 3D conductive sponges in stretchable conductors, sensors, energy storage devices, and integrated systems are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in future sponge‐based soft electronics are covered.

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Fabrication of a flexible and stretchable three-dimensional conductor based on Au–Ni@graphene coated polyurethane sponge by electroless plating

Abstract: A flexible and stretchable 3D graphene-coated polyurethane sponge-based conductor was fabricated by electroless plating and vacuum encapsulation. The fabricated flexible conductor exhibited high conductive stability in different deformation states.

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Materials, Electrical Performance, Mechanisms, Applications, and Manufacturing Approaches for Flexible Strain Sensors

Materials, Electrical Performance, Mechanisms, Applications, and Manufacturing Approaches for Flexible Strain Sensors

Hybrid‐Filler Stretchable Conductive Composites: From Fabrication to Application

3D Sponge Electrodes for Soft Wearable Bioelectronics

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