Fabrication of 3D Printed poly(lactic acid) strut and wet-electrospun cellulose nano fiber reinforced chitosan-collagen hydrogel composite scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering

Abstract

The main goal of the study was to produce chitosan-collagen hydrogel composite scaffolds consisting of 3D printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) strut and nanofibrous cellulose for meniscus cartilage tissue engineering. For this purpose, first PLA strut containing microchannels was incorporated into cellulose nanofibers and then they were embedded into chitosan-collagen matrix to obtain micro- and nano-sized topographical features for better cellular activities as well as mechanical properties. All the hydrogel composite scaffolds produced by using three different concentrations of genipin (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) had an interconnected microporous structure with a swelling ratio of about 400% and water content values between 77 and 83% which is similar to native cartilage extracellular matrix. The compressive strength of all the hydrogel composite scaffolds was found to be similar (∼32 kPa) and suitable for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Besides, the hydrogel composite scaffold comprising 0.3% (w/v) genipin had the highest tan δ value (0.044) at a frequency of 1 Hz which is around the walking frequency of a person. According to the in vitro analysis, this hydrogel composite scaffold did not show any cytotoxic effect on the rabbit mesenchymal stem cells and enabled cells to attach, proliferate and also migrate through the inner area of the scaffold. In conclusion, the produced hydrogel composite scaffold holds great promise for meniscus tissue engineering.

Synthesis and characterization of gentamicin loaded ZSM-5 scaffold: Cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity

“…It can be related to the negative effect of antibiotics on cellular activities. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] These results are also confirmed by quantitative results from sample absorbance at 612 nm (Figure 7(b)). Kumar et al 57 reported a similar result by increasing the concentration of GEN on calcium deposition.…”

Recent advances in modified poly (lactic acid) as tissue engineering materials

“…Another significant innovation is the production of chitosan/collagen hydrogel scaffolds from 3D printed PLA strut and cellulose nano-fibers intended for use in cartilage tissue engineering. The composite showed no cytotoxic effect on mesenchymal stem cells and enabled cell growth, attachment, proliferation, and migration through the scaffolds [ 206 ]. Also noted is the use of a freeze-drying technique to prepare a PCL/PLA scaffold containing zirconium (n-ZrO 2 ) nanoparticles.…”

Applications and prospects of different functional hydrogels in meniscus repair

“…In the published literature, hydrogels have been adopted as scaffolds to deliver exogenous drugs, cells, and factors to promote meniscus rehabilitation and regeneration ( Resmi et al, 2020 ; An et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2022b ; Zhao Y. P. et al, 2022 ; Li et al, 2022c ). Meanwhile, hydrogel-based repair materials have been fabricated with bioprinting technology and computer three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology to make full use of their good plasticity and printable features ( Shi et al, 2021 ; Gunes et al, 2022 ; Janarthanan et al, 2022 ).…”