“…As the picture shows, the CV curve of the carbon matrix is like a rectangle while slightly deformed. This is due to the redox reaction on the surface of carbon matrix 39 . The CV curve trend of the samples compounded with PPy is consistent with pure PPy, and both have two redox peaks, indicating that the carbon skeleton and polypyrrole are well combined and have good pseudocapacitance characteristics 40 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is consistent with the CV test results. The specific capacitance value of the discharge part could be calculated according to the following formula 39 : Figure 7 CV curves of GO, rGO-C, N-PCM, PPy, PPy/GO, PPy/rGO-C and PPy/N-PCM at a scan rate of 20 mV s −1 ( a ), GCD curves of GO, rGO-C, N-PCM, PPy, PPy/GO, PPy/rGO-C and PPy/N-PCM at the current density of 1 A g −1 ( b ); CV curves of PPy/N-PCM with different concentration at a scan rate of 20 mV s −1 ( c ); GCD curves of PPy/N-PCM with different concentration at the current density of 1 A g −1 ( d ); CV curves of PPy/N-PCM at different scan rates ( e ); and GCD curves of PPy/N-PCM at different current density ( f ). …”
Polypyrrole complex nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix (PPy/N-PCM) was synthesized by a simple two-step method. Firstly, graphene oxide was prepared by the modified Hummers method. Secondly, Polypyrrole was compounded on the graphene oxide substrate, and the carbon matrix with a high specific surface area was obtained through high-temperature carbonization and KOH activation, and polypyrrole was used as a nitrogen source for the final nitrogen-doped composite material. The structure characterization of the carbon matrix and the final composite material shows that the carbon matrix surface has obvious porous structure, and the polypyrrole nanospheres grow uniformly on the porous carbon matrix surface. The electrochemical evaluation show that the prepared PPy/N-PCM has excellent supercapacitor performance, and its specific capacitance can reach 237.5 F g−1. When the current density reaches 10 A g−1, it has good cycle stability (the capacitance retention after 1000 charge and discharge is 88.53% of the initial capacitance value, which is better than pure PPy-60.76% and PPy/rGO-C-71.84%). The excellent capacitance performance, good-looking micro-morphology and simple synthesis method of the PPy/N-PCM provide the possibility for its commercialization.
“…As the picture shows, the CV curve of the carbon matrix is like a rectangle while slightly deformed. This is due to the redox reaction on the surface of carbon matrix 39 . The CV curve trend of the samples compounded with PPy is consistent with pure PPy, and both have two redox peaks, indicating that the carbon skeleton and polypyrrole are well combined and have good pseudocapacitance characteristics 40 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is consistent with the CV test results. The specific capacitance value of the discharge part could be calculated according to the following formula 39 : Figure 7 CV curves of GO, rGO-C, N-PCM, PPy, PPy/GO, PPy/rGO-C and PPy/N-PCM at a scan rate of 20 mV s −1 ( a ), GCD curves of GO, rGO-C, N-PCM, PPy, PPy/GO, PPy/rGO-C and PPy/N-PCM at the current density of 1 A g −1 ( b ); CV curves of PPy/N-PCM with different concentration at a scan rate of 20 mV s −1 ( c ); GCD curves of PPy/N-PCM with different concentration at the current density of 1 A g −1 ( d ); CV curves of PPy/N-PCM at different scan rates ( e ); and GCD curves of PPy/N-PCM at different current density ( f ). …”
Polypyrrole complex nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix (PPy/N-PCM) was synthesized by a simple two-step method. Firstly, graphene oxide was prepared by the modified Hummers method. Secondly, Polypyrrole was compounded on the graphene oxide substrate, and the carbon matrix with a high specific surface area was obtained through high-temperature carbonization and KOH activation, and polypyrrole was used as a nitrogen source for the final nitrogen-doped composite material. The structure characterization of the carbon matrix and the final composite material shows that the carbon matrix surface has obvious porous structure, and the polypyrrole nanospheres grow uniformly on the porous carbon matrix surface. The electrochemical evaluation show that the prepared PPy/N-PCM has excellent supercapacitor performance, and its specific capacitance can reach 237.5 F g−1. When the current density reaches 10 A g−1, it has good cycle stability (the capacitance retention after 1000 charge and discharge is 88.53% of the initial capacitance value, which is better than pure PPy-60.76% and PPy/rGO-C-71.84%). The excellent capacitance performance, good-looking micro-morphology and simple synthesis method of the PPy/N-PCM provide the possibility for its commercialization.
“…Nonetheless, long-term charge and discharge easily cause volume expansion and contraction, which leads to a decrease in mechanical and electrochemical performance, thereby limiting its application in SCs [8]. So far, some strategies have been developed to promote its electrochemical behaviors, including combinations with other materials, such as PANI/carbon-based materials [9,10], PANI/metallic oxide [11,12], and PANI/metallic oxides/carbon materials [13], or the doping of PANI with certain materials/ions, including protonic acids/anions (HCl [14], H 2 SO 4 [15], HClO 4 [16], and H 3 PO 4 [17]) and metallic cations (LiCl [18], Ni 2+ [19], Co 2+ [20], Fe 3+ [21], Zn 2+ [22,23], Cu 2+ [24], and Mn 2+ [25]).…”
In this work, the effects of utilizing an Fe2+/Fe3+ redox-active electrolyte and Fe2+-doped polyaniline (PANI) electrode material on the performance of an assembled supercapacitor (SC) were studied. The concentration of the redox couple additive in the electrolyte of the SC was optimized to be 0.5 M. With the optimized concentration of 0.4 M Fe2+, the doped PANI branched nanofibers electropolymerized onto titanium mesh were much thinner, cleaner, and more branched than normal PANI. A specific capacitance (Cs) of 8468 F g−1 for the 0.4 M Fe2+/PANI electrode in the 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M Fe2+/Fe3+ gel electrolyte and an energy density of 218.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1854.4 W kg−1 for the resultant SC were achieved, which were much higher than those of the conventional PANI electrode tested in a normal H2SO4 electrolyte (404 F g−1 and 24.9 Wh kg−1). These results are among the highest reported for PANI-based SCs in the literature so far and demonstrate the potential effectiveness of this strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of flexible SCs by modifying both the electrode and electrolyte.
Owing to their extraordinary properties of π-conjugated polymers (π-CPs), such as light weight, structural versatility, ease of synthesis and environmentally friendly nature, they have attracted considerable attention as electrode material for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) and supercapacitors (SCPs). Recently, researchers have focused on developing nanostructured π-CPs and their composites with metal oxides and carbon-based materials to enhance the energy density and capacitive performance of MIBs and SCPs. Also, the researchers recently demonstrated various novel strategies to combine high electrical conductivity and high redox activity of different π-CPs. To reflect this fact, the present review investigates the current advancements in the synthesis of nanostructured π-CPs and their composites. Further, this review explores the recent development in different methods for the fabrication and design of π-CPs electrodes for MIBs and SCPs. In review, finally, the future prospects and challenges of π-CPs as an electrode materials for strategies for MIBs and SCPs are also presented.
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