Fabrication, microstructure, and mechanical properties of tin nanostructures

Microstructure and mechanical properties of sub-micron zinc structures

“…A great deal of recent work, as reviewed by Uchic et al, 1 Kraft et al, 2 and Greer and De Hosson, 3 has shown that the mechanical strength of single-crystalline face-centered cubic (FCC) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and body-centered cubic (BCC) [13][14][15][16][17] metals is strongly dependent on size, with reduced dimensions yielding stronger specimens. The same smaller-is-stronger effect has been observed in other crystalline systems, such as tetragonal, 18 rhombohedral, 19 and hexagonal close packed (HCP). [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Size-dependent mechanical behaviors in nanoscale metals are generally attributed to the competition between the rate of dislocations generated by applied stress and the rate of dislocation annihilation at free surfaces.…”

“…33 This fabrication method has proved versatile in producing small-scale metallic structures for uniaxial compression tests. 10,18,19,26,[38][39][40][41] The advantage of this technique over the conventional FIB milling process is the elimination of tapered geometries and the significant impact of high energy Ga 1 exposure on the pillar microstructure. 30,31 Briefly, silicon (111) substrates coated with a 20-nm titanium adhesion layer and a 100-nm gold seed layer were first spin coated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) electron beam lithography resist.…”

Size effect on mechanical behavior of Al/Si3N4 multilayers by nanoindentation

“…However, when the layer thickness is further decreased to the range of 10-50 nm, there is not enough space to accommodate dislocation pileup in the individual layers, and Orowan-type bowing of individual dislocations becomes dominated and the increase of strength follows with t b t ln / / flow σ ∝ ( ) [8]. The statistically-stored dislocations and geometrically-necessary dislocations were studied with the metallic multilayers (Cu/Nb) and nanostructures (Sn nanopillars) composites the synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction technique [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Dynamic tensile deformation and damage of B4C-reinforced Al composites: Time-resolved imaging with synchrotron x-rays

“…Conventional techniques such as high speed optical imaging are normally applicable to surface measurements and may suffer from poor signal-to-noise ratios during dynamic loading, while synchrotron x-rays are advantageous for high-speed x-ray imaging and diffraction owing to their high intensity and high penetration capability, high coherence, and high pulse repetition rate. Synchrotron x-ray techniques are particularly useful in elucidating microstructural evolution of advanced/novel materials [15][16][17][18] example, synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction has been widely used to study mechanical properties of multilayer structures (e.g., Cu/ Nb and Al/Nb) [17,[19][20][21] and thin films (e.g., Si and GeTe) [22][23][24] under quasi-static loading. The elastic-plastic transition and residual stress of samples at lattice scales can be mapped through diffraction scanning [14].…”