Fabrication and Properties of a 4&times; 4 LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> Optical Matrix Switch

Abstract

To realize channel cross-connecting in optical communications systems, a high speed optical matrix switch was fabricated using z-cut LiNbO 3 . Four 2 × 2 directional couplers were integrated on one substrate for construction of a 4 × 4 switch. Single-mode optical waveguides were formed by Ti-diffusion at a wet O 2 atmosphere. Ti-diffusion profile, refractive index variation and waveguide morphology were analyzed by SIMS, Prism coupler and SEM, respectively. The optical properties of the fabricated switch was measured in terms of insertion loss, cross-talk, spectral flatness and switching speed.

Upconversion single-photon detectors based on integrated periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides [Invited]

“…To guide the 1950 nm wave to the directional coupler, we fabricate S-bend of cosine type which has the minimum bending loss [34][35][36]. As shown in Fig.…”

Electrically controlled optical-mode switch for fundamental mode and first order mode

“…8,9) Moreover, silicon photonics can deliver a dense footprint and also a nanosecond-scale reconfiguration time using an electro optic phase shifter. 10,11) A high port count optical switch has been demonstrated, [12][13][14][15][16] however, scalability for high integration of this optical switch becomes the main challenge in realizing optical switching. 17) The switch is based on the optical input and output ports, thus, it needs the S-bend region for fiber array connection although the dimensions of the switching element are reduced by the latest silicon photonics technology.…”